Food Waste? Too valuable to waste! Essay

According to statistics from the Environmental Protection Department, in Hong Kong, solid waste generated daily weighs around 17000 tones, of which around 30% is organic matter (2700 tones) which is roughly equal to 120 double-deck buses in size. Compared this to the US where, revealed by the Environmental Protection Agency, only 12% of waste stream was scrap of food in 2005. Extra care in disposal is required for these putrescible wastes, otherwise nuisance to the environment will be caused. Food waste not only causes a feculent choking smell, but also discharges a huge amount of concentrated greenhouse gases, methane and polluted water, all of which are leading to the global warming that we highly concerned about. All the food wastes are currently disposed to landfills, however all the existing landfills will be saturated within 5 years. Construction of new landfill is a problem because of a lack of available space that is far away from residential areas. Therefore, seeking out alternative ways for food waste treatment has become an imperative for the government. Before discussing cutting food waste at its source, there is another possible destiny for surplus food besides disposal – Food recycling. The food waste for food recycling can be categorized into two parts: edible (bread, vegetable and meat) and inedible (bones and eggshell). Food Waste Processor Basically, inedible food wastes are useful in that they can be recycled and reused. Through natural biodegradation by bacteria, all the organic waste will be converted into organic fertilizer and soil stabilizer. According to the journal of â€Å"Food waste composting – sustainable organic waste management† (Jonathan, 2003), in some advanced countries in Europe, central food waste treatments has been practiced for years. All the domestic food waste will be collected and transported to central composting facilities which are installed far away from the residential areas. However, this huge facility is not available to Hong Kong owing to the limited area. The Ecotech Food Waste Processor, a new technology for the same purpose is being tested in Hong Kong, including Hong Kong International Airport, housing estates and universities. Due to the tiny space of Hong Kong, it is well-designed for being used in small communities such as restaurants and housing estates which are the main sources of food waste. A large processing capacity 100kg per day is supported with a small sized machine. The automatic processor is easy to operate and is equipped with self-adjustment of temperature and moisture which are decisive parameters for the speed of reaction. Also, the specially formulated microbes and materials are used in the processor to increase the rate of biodegradation. To enhance the transportation efficiency, the volume of food waste will be reduced by about 90% in 24 hours. The composite fertilizer contains high nutrient value including nitrogen which is a major element for plant growth. This new technology is suitable for Hong Kong, as it has limited space. All the food waste can be recycled and become useful materials rather than being disposed in landfill. Besides reducing the load of landfill, the valuable organic materials, which are transformed from the â€Å"waste†, are nutrients to our health and the Earth. Since vegetables grown by organic fertilizer is much healthier to human than those grown by chemical fertilizer. Therefore, this processor should be widely used in Hong Kong in order to minimize the amount of food waste and raise public awareness of this exigent problem. Surplus Food Donation The Environmental Protection Department stated that â€Å"the amount of food wasted by Hong Kong’s restaurants, hotels, and food manufacturers has more than doubled in the past five years.† Effort should be focused on collecting leftover food donation as a huge pile of edible food waste is created from restaurants every day. Foodlink is a nonprofit organization working on this aspect. It takes surplus food from over 40 hotels and restaurants and delivers it to charity groups such as Home of Love in Sham Shui Po and Action Care that works with the less privileged communities in society. Regarding to an article â€Å"The food chain† (Grace, 2012), about one million people in Hong Kong are suffering from hunger and struggling to fill their stomachs. Freshly cooked food is something that they cannot support on a daily basis, especially for the one million people in Hong Kong who are living below the poverty line. Actually, those government-sponsored food banks only provide canned or prepackaged food which is unhealthy in the long term. On the contrary, the hot leftover food from the hotels and restaurants is nutrient rich. In fact, this creates a triple win situation for the landfills, charities and hotels. By examining the amount of excess food that transport to the charity, the hotel can determine the appropriate quantity of food for each day. Eventually, not only less food waste will be produced, but the cost of excess food production and food waste treatment can be reduced and eliminated. Also, less recyclable food will be wasted and disposed to landfills. Therefore sponsorship to those charities and public promotions is an obligation for the Hong Kong government. As the old saying goes â€Å"Prevention is better than cure†, cutting the food waste at its source is the best ways to solve this issue. However, despite there being less food waste being disposed to landfills, the food waste problem will continue to occur if the eating habits do not change. Food waste charge Similar to the solid garbage charges being promoted in the past few months, food waste charges could be implemented in restaurants to minimize this problem commercially. According to Friends of the Earth, in the catering industry, hotel buffets and restaurants that offer â€Å"all you can eat† are the major sources of uneaten food, which then goes into the landfills. Many customers whose â€Å"eyes are bigger than their stomachs† usually order far more dishes that they are able to consume, so the surplus food eventually has to be disposed of. Some hot pot restaurants that provide â€Å"all you can eat† strictly charge the leftover food per kilogram in order to minimize the problem. However, only a few hotel buffets in Hong Kong are willing to charge for the uneaten food since it may lower its attractiveness. In foreign countries, London and America are good role models that are attempting to use this policy to solve the food waste issue. A Chinese restaurant Kylin Buffet in London will charge a $32 â€Å"wastage fee† for the excess food. A â€Å"guilty fee† is imposed to charge the uneaten food in a Japanese restaurant located in Manhattan. In order to enhance the popularity of food waste charges, promotion and communications with restaurants are necessary for the government. Through this policy, it arouses public awareness of food waste so that the eating habit may finally improve. Since the food waste fee acts as a reminder and warning to customers to make self-adjustments to their appetite. All in all, for thousands of years, famine has continued to happen somewhere throughout human history. In fact, the current food production and storage in the world is more than enough to support the whole populations if we are able to minimize food waste. The food waste processor, leftover food donation and fee charging are the substantive measures to minimize the food waste and reduce the load of landfills from two main aspects (usage and source of food waste). As a Chinese proverb says â€Å"every grain is from hard toil†, hardship is required in food growing, we should cherish food and respect the nature that nurtures us. (1261 words) References 1. Food Waste Management in HK. (2011). Environmental Protection Department. Retrieved from http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/owt_food.html 2. Municipal Solid Waste in The United States – 2009 Facts and Figures. (2010). Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2009rpt.pdf 3. Jonathan, W. (2003, May). Food waste composting – sustainable organic waste management. New Horizons, 3, 12-13. Retrieved from http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~cpro/online_pub/nh0203/nh0203_12-13.pdf 4. Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong – Waste Statistics for 2011. (2012). Environmental Protection Department. Retrieved from https://www.wastereduction.gov.hk/en/materials/info/msw2011.pdf 5. Grace, T. (2012, April 19). The Food Chain. Retrieved from http://hk.asia-city.com/city-living/article/food-chain 6. Order Less Waste Less. (2012). Friends of the Earth. Retrieved from http://www.foe.org.hk/welcome/geten.asp?id_path=1,%207,%2028,%20150,%204310,%204566

The Mayas and the Incas.

The Mayas and the Incas are two Indian civilizations that inhabited South America and left a significant mark on the culture and history of these places. They both have legends that link their arrival to immigration from the East; however it is more likely that the immigration occurred from the north. Though these two cultures had some similarities one of these was not language as they had several differences in their native tongues. However, regardless of the differences legends have claimed a community of origin between these two civilizations, in the remote past.The Inca civilization has a reign of less than 200 years in comparison to the Maya civilization and has its base in the area that is now Peru. They flourished in the highlands of the Andes and their reign is estimated as being from AD 1438 – 1534. They also extended into the areas that are now Ecuador and Chile. There are links that show that this civilization was derived from a warlike tribe that moved into the val ley at Cuzco. Their reign was estimated to span from the Maule River to the Quito.In contrast, the Maya civilization emerged in BC 1000 and lasted more than a thousand years in the Yucatan area of Mexico into Guatemala, Belize and Honduras. They were responsible for the creation of many cities in their time such as Tikal and Uxual. They also had a wide span however their system of governance varied greatly and there was no emperor but rather several powerful heads in each city. There was also no capital as each city ruled itself.In terms of religious practices both civilizations practiced sacrificing of animals and at times of humans as well.   They also both worshipped several Gods. The Incas believed in a creator and many sky gods. They called gold the â€Å"sweat of the sun† and viewed it as precious only in materials used for ceremonial items. They focused on rituals that they believed led to healing and increasing harvest. In a trait similar to the Mayas, in times of c alamity they believed in the sacrifice of humans.These times included earthquakes and drought. The Inca also had a similar religion to the Inca. They also believed in several nature Gods and in the use of sacrifice to appease the Gods. The thought that the feeding of blood to the Gods would also appease and satisfy the Gods so that their  children would be healthy and their crops would be good. Religion was important in daily life and this is evident from the information that has been attained from pottery, the walls of buildings and murals.Inca architecture was ornate. The capital city was Cuzco and this was the richest city in the Americas at that time. The temples were decorated with gold plates. There were many royal estates and palaces that were for the nobility and were constantly maintained by the builders and artisans. The Mayas had elaborate buildings as well but were more advanced in their use of material.They used concrete in their construction and built pyramids as mon uments to Gods and leaders. Some of these pyramids were as tall as 200 feet. They also had a distinctive style of construction. The pyramids that they built the tops were flat unlike those in Egyptian architecture. This meant that their leaders were able to climb and sit atop the pyramids.There were mainly three staples in the Inca diet. These were corn, potato and a seed called quinua. They were advanced in thinking and grew a surplus of food for times of war and drought. The quinua was the seed that was used to produce flour and cereal.Corn was used in religious ceremonies and to make a drink called Chicha. The Maya diet was also largely reliant on agriculture. They cultivated corn, beans, sweet potatoes, squash and yucca. Corn was the main staple in their diet. They also sourced meat from the hunting of deer, monkey, duck and wild turkey. The product that was limited in consumption to the nobles was chocolate and was referred to as the drink of the Gods.The Incas had rulers that enforced a strong work ethic in them. Though they had leisure time this time was focused more on religious festivals. Many festivals would take place that were to honour leaders, Gods and to help with a good harvest. The Maya, in contrast, actually had a lot more activities. They had a game called â€Å"pok-ol-pok† that used a rubber ball.This game is very similar to what we know today as soccer. As in soccer the hands were not used to touch the ball and the ball had to be hit though a ring. This game could be very competitive and sometimes the losing team would lose their life. They also had trumpets made from conch shells and drums that they used to play music. Some other instruments included the turtle shell rattles and the pottery flutes. They loved to dance and play music and would honour the rulers and Gods by doing these activities.Both societies were classed societies. The Maya had at the bottom of the ladder the slaves. This was followed by the peasants, artisans, no bility, priests and the leaders at the top. There was no supreme leader. The farmers raised crops and worked hard as they did not use animals to prepare fields. Craftsmen made murals, pottery, jewellery and many other items.They also had piercing and tattoos like today but viewed beauty differently. The Inca had a similar class but with labourers below and an Emperor at the top. Farmers also worked hard and grew crops but also reared animals. The llamas were used for transport and the alpacas for their wool. The Inca painted their faces and also had piercings. They in addition had the ear of boys pierced in a manhood ceremony and a gold disc placed in the hole. When the boy grew older this disc was replaced with larger and larger discs. This was considered to be a sign of beauty.The culture of the Maya was very developed. They possessed a written language and books. They also had experts in the fields of mathematics and astronomy. As already mentioned, their architecture was excepti onal and they constructed palaces and pyramids with great skill. The writings of the Maya are perhaps on of the first writings of the Americas. They utilized pictures and symbols to represent words and thoughts.These symbols can be known as glyphs and have been found in books and walls. Their books were folded like a fan and were called codices. Their number system was advanced and they based it on the number 20 unlike our present system that uses 10. The Maya could subtract and add. It has also been seen that they were able to plot the movement of the sun, moon and Venus. They performed calculations on the orbit of Venus that have been found to be very accurate today. Their calendar is the most accurate one from the ancient world. They based their year on a 365 day system over one thousand years ago.The Inca culture was not as advanced and they did not have any written language. They did have the foresight to have verbal historians in their society that ensured that their history w as passed along through the generations. The form of mathematics that was practiced was also not very developed. They used a quipus to keep track of numbers. This consisted of coloured strings and knots tied. The quipu rememberers were able to translate the knots and keep track of amounts.The method by which the quipu was used is not known today. Although not  very advanced like the Maya in many aspects the Inca were also skilled in terms of architecture. The material they used was stone and not concrete however they were skilled enough to be able to fit the stones perfectly without the use of mortar. They also had the insight to build a lot of roads as much as 10,000 miles in addition to many temples, palaces and bridges. Their bridges were great structures that were made using a rope suspension method and they were advanced in terms of irrigation.The Inca and the Maya civilizations both have a lot of similarities and differences. The similarities in their religious beliefs are e vident on further inspection. These may be due to the fact that they most probably have in their lineages common ancestors or roots. The belief in sacrifices as well as the similarities in some of their Gods points clearly to this. The importance that the societies have placed on religion is also evident in their cultures.One factor that can account for the advanced development of the Maya civilization is the fact that they were an old civilization. This civilization had a lot of time to develop. The time period that they existed for was over a thousand years giving them a lot of time to develop, grow, explore and investigate the world around them and ways to improve their life. This information could then be passed along through the generations and built on and further developed with each successive generation.The Inca civilization, however, is one that was very young in age. They were around for only a period of about 200 years. This means that they were not able to advance to the degree of the Maya civilization within that timeframe. There achievements are in fact great for the limited time that they were in their prime. Their language given time, I am certain would have developed into a written language as well.Location of the civilizations can also account for differences in their diet and daily life. Though in the southern continent of the Americas the types of crops planted and reared would have varied from area to area and this would affect the type of food that was consumed by the population.The governance system of the civilizations may also account for some of the differences. The Mayas were not dependent on the governance of an Emperor and were able to function as independent cities while the Inca had  a supreme Emperor. This may indeed have held back the development of the Inca as they were dependent on the genius of one individual whereas the Maya were led by several leaders in many cities.  These reasons may account for the differences and s imilarities in the Inca and Maya civilizations. These civilizations had many similarities and many differences but were both in their own way and in their own time great in terms of their achievements and development.ReferencesStrohl, M. and S. Schneck. Mayas, Aztecs, Incas: Cooperative Learning Activities. New York: Scholastic Professional Books, 1994.Baquedano, E. Eyewitness Books: Aztec, Inca, and Maya. New York: Alfred A. Knopf,1993.Mesoamerican Civilizations: Mayas and Incas. 24th April, 2007Bleeker, S and Sasaki, K. The Maya: Indians of Central America. Published: Morrow, 1961.

The Application of Bowan's Strategy Clock Used To Assist Organization Essay

The Application of Bowan's Strategy Clock Used To Assist Organization in Making Strategic Choices - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that achieving a competitive advantage over rivals is perhaps the most important business strategy that business houses wish to achieve. In almost every industry including the retail sector, competition among rivals is very high. According to the views of Michael Porter, there are primarily three different strategies that are employed by organizations, namely product differentiation, cost leadership and market segmentation. Michael Porter’s generic strategies have been widely debated over exact meanings of the terms proposed by him. It was for this reason that the strategic clock model developed by Bowman and Faulkner has been widely employed to describe ways in which a firm can have the competitive advantage over its rivals. Tesco is the third largest retail store chain globally and the largest in Britain. The origin of the business can be traced back to 1929 when the first store was opened in Britain. In less than thirty years from commencing its operation, Tesco had become one of the most prominent food retailers in entire U.K. Since the 1990s, the company had begun venturing out of U.K. as well as diversifying the products offered. Presently, the company operates in 12 countries across three continents, namely North America, Europe and Asia. During its initial days of operation, Tesco had focused on aspects of grocery retailing. However, with time, the business had expanded from food retailing to include a wide range of products and services. Some of the products and services offered by Tesco include retailing of electronics, books, clothing, petrol, and furniture. The services offered include renting out of DVDs, financial and telecom services and internet services. Tesco had showcased innovation not only in types of product offerings but also by developing the new concept of stores. Some of the diversified store structures that have been introduced by the organization over time include Tesco Metro stores specifically to meet requirements of local shoppers based in metropolitan areas; and Tesco Express, which is a petrol station based store for the convenience of customers.

Listening to Children and Young People Term Paper - 1

Listening to Children and Young People - Term Paper Example Professional listeners who will be able to understand the problems the children are having should be able to interact with the children and young persons who are under the care. This will not only help in diagnosing their problems but will also help these children to be able to overcome their issues as they are looking for a way to let out their frustrations. Most of the problems that these children have can be addressed by listening to them and giving them an opportunity to convey their emotions. As Richardson and Joughin (2000) say, there is, therefore, a need to know how the children and young persons with a psychiatric disorder can be helped to live their lives positively with their disorder while at the same time using their competencies and experiences to live normal lives. The local authorities work with designated teachers to be able to help look after children, especially those with mental problems (Golding, 2006). Looked after children usually are children who don’t have families or they may have families that are not adequate in the way they support these children. In this case, those who are mandated with looking after these children should offer the parental support that such children will require. Each year, the number of children under care increases, and this is increasing the social problems in every society. Looked after children are also part and parcel of the society and it is increasingly crucial to look at their issues so as to ensure the society has fewer people with social and mental problems. Schooling is not about going to school and acquiring academic and professional skills, but rather is also a process for building social and personal skills through making friends and creating personal relationships which will help the student to be a well-rounded person.  Ã‚  

Polygraphs Roles in Detection Physically and Mentally on Suspects Research Paper

Polygraphs Roles in Detection Physically and Mentally on Suspects - Research Paper Example Victims of sexual assault may not be able to justify the events that led to the assault thus calling for the use of the polygraph on the perpetrators in order, to tell the truth regarding such events. In criminal investigations, the perpetrators are bound to display various post-traumatic stress disorders such as anxiety and other emotional attributes that help the polygraph to detect the truth on a certain matter with ease (Rathus, 2010). The use of polygraphs has been employed by many prosecutors in the court of law to justify the truth on the case in the litigation, which helps to the criminal investigation. The polygraph is used in the military interrogations whereby the examiner of the polygraph detects the truth concerning the military information from a suspect. The polygraph may extend its purpose to the military personnel in order to assist them in to detect a post-traumatic stress disorder that may affect their emotions and behaviors especially after a combat in battles. A suspect holding military information is treated as a threat especially when such an individual is not in the discipline forces, which, therefore, requires the use of the polygraph in order to unravel the truth of such information. Military personnel is subjected to post-traumatic stress disorders after a series of combat, which, therefore, calls for the use of the polygraph in order to assist such a person in dealing with emotional and behavioral changes that follow major combats. The polygraphs enable an examiner to identify the emotional and behavioral changes that befall a military personnel thus helping the examiner to address the challenging issues, which subsequently enables the military personnel to cope with any post-traumatic stress disorders.

Criminal Law-Offences against the person (LLB) Essay

Criminal Law-Offences against the person (LLB) - Essay Example America has enacted specific laws to criminalise the activity of those that spread the disease, whilst the UK relies on existing laws to prefer charges. At present within the UK those deliberately or recklessly infecting others in the manner described above are likely to find themselves charged with offences covered by the Offences Against the Person Act 1861. To date those who have been found guilty have been convicted under s20 of this Act. Under this section the charge preferred is one of recklessly inflicting grievous bodily harm. The cases of R v Konzani1 and R v Dica2 are examples where the courts applied section 2 of the OAPA where the defendants recklessly infected others with HIV. When deliberating on what charges can be brought against those who infect others with HIV the courts will look for proof that the person is aware of their condition that they know the risk of transmission, and they are aware that it passes through sex. People in these circumstances have been found guilty of recklessly inflicting grievous bodily harm. In the case of Dica the court of appeal accepted a submission from the defence that the infected person had consented to the risk of transmission overruling the previous decision of the court where Dica had been found guilty of infecting the injured party. The case of Konzani followed a similar line on consent with the Court of Appeal clarifying how consent should be determined3. In this case, the court of appeal stated that they would only accept that the injured party had consented to the risk, if the defendant can prove that the injured party had been fully informed of their condition, and had made a conscious decision based on that knowledge. Agreeing to unprotected sex could not be viewed as consent to the risk of contracting HIV. The current guidelines on charges that can be brought against

Global poverty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global poverty - Research Paper Example It is of interest to me because I would like to establish how the global poverty affects not just the poor countries but also the rich nations. I am interested in finding out how their relations with each other impact on the occurrence or incidence of poverty. This topic is also of interest to me because I would like to find out how different countries are responding to this issue and what interventions have already been implemented in order to resolve this issue. 1. United Nations – This organization is involved in alleviating poverty through the various programs it has set and implemented on its member countries (MacMillan, 2011). One of these programs include the Millennium Development Goals which has set forth activities on reducing poverty, improving health outcomes, increasing employment opportunities, and in promoting peace in developing countries (UN, 2010a). This organization would likely require research in relation to the achievement and the fulfillment of its MDGs (Tran, 2011). Such a research would provide feedback on the efficacy of its programs. 2. CARE is a United States-based organization whose goal is to fight global poverty by focusing on poor women providing them with access to education, preventing diseases, providing them access to clean water, expanding their economic opportunities, and protecting their natural resources (CARE, 2012). This organization would likely require research on the impact of poverty on women in developing countries. Such a research direction would seek to establish the possible solutions which can be directed towards poor women. 3. BRAC – is an organization established by former Shell Oil CEO Fazle Hasan Abed. Its goal is to empower the people and the communities who are in extreme poverty, including those who are illiterate and those who are victims of disease and

The Dragon's Village Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Dragon's Village - Essay Example Interference with the three pillars that defines the country and the people China would thus lead to an automatic destabilization of the normally peaceful people as was witnessed during the Japanese invasion in the Second World War and the Sino-soviet war (Snow, pp. 44). China like most other world nations has made vibrant steps in the past in an attempt to protect itself and its people. This has been through military actions for self-defense as well as the development of policies that were geared towards reforms. Analysis of the fundamental relationships within the country China is better achieved by looking at some of the actions taken by the people of China to protect and safeguard their ways of life and livelihood (Chen, pp. 63). In this regard, this paper will analyze the China revolution of 1949 with a focus on the twin goals of the reforms of changing the fundamental nature of social relationships and reforming the ownership of land. Nevertheless, the fundamental questions in this context are the justification of the reforms and the achievement of the core grievances of the twin goals of the revolution. The Chinese communist revolution saw the turning point of the Chinese communist party drive to power. Mao Zedong on October 1949 proclaimed the establishment of the people’s republic of china and the resultant effect saw a wave of events culminating in revolutions meant to better the living standards of the people of China. By 1949, approximately 200 million Chinese were residing in the rural areas, thus prompting the communist party to declare that the Chinese problems are the rural problems and the rural problems are the land problems. In an effort to solve the rural problems, the ruling communist party of China devised a land reform that ensured land ownership was given to the agricultural tillers. The land reforms were welcomed by the majority of the Chinese rural folks who had been living under

How important is the setting in R L Stevensons portrayal of a double life in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

How important is the setting in R L Stevensons portrayal of a double life in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was written in 1886 by Robert Lewis Stevenson. Robert Lewis Stevenson was born and brought up in Edinburgh in the 1850s. He was part of a middle class family, his parents were strict Christians and it was very important to them that Stevenson behaved respectfully. When Stevenson was a child, Stevensons nanny frightened him with stories of hell and suffering which may have contributed to his ideas in the novel. When he was a young man in Edinburgh he may have used a false name or a hidden identity in order to indulge himself in forbidden activities or he may have fantasized about them, like crime, affairs and homosexuality. In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Stevenson uses his experiences to describe the unpleasant side of life. The novel is about how Dr Jekyll leads a double life and its devastating consequences. The book reflects Victorian concerns about city life such as crime and poverty. The novel is set in the city of London and is significant in the novel because in general most gothic novels at that time were set far away or in unfamiliar surroundings, yet Stevenson sets the novel in London which shocked readers because it was a place they all knew which made them think that the themes discussed in the novel could be happening near them. This makes it more frightening to the reader and therefore made it a more popular novel. In the novel Stevenson describes London as labyrinths of lamp lighted city. This suggests that the city makes it possible for people to easily lose themselves in London. We see this in the novel when Stevenson says he was often absent; for instance, it was nearly two months since she had seen him till yesterday (the day of the murder). This tells us that Hyde was often absent and it relates back to people losing themselves in the city. Another important aspect of the setting is the weather, which for most of the novel is described as fogged city moon This creates an atmosphere of mystery and unknown and it also suggests that something might be about to happen. The chapter which describes the Carew murder case is an important event in the novel because the murder forces Mr Utterson to investigate and piece together the link between his friend Dr. Jekyll and the murderer Mr Hyde. The reader learns, however, that they are the same person. Stevenson sets the murder scene in a lane which the maids window overlooked and interestingly chooses the murder to be brilliantly lit by the full moon. He does this in order to display every detail of the murder and to show the viciousness of the attack. For example the murder is described as a storm of blows, under which the bones were audibly shattered. This tells us how brutal and violent the murder was by the maid being able to hear the victims bones being broken. It also gives the reader the full affect of the damage that had been done. The murder is particularly shocking because it enables the maid to describe the murder so well as a result of the murder scene being so brilliantly lit by the moon. The characters houses in the novel also suggest something about them, Dr Jekylls house, for example, is described as having a great air of wealth and comfort. Hydes rooms are described as well furnished, but theyre located in Soho which is a seedy area full of unrespectable people. The themes in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, for example crime and concealing forbidden activities touched on issues Victorians were concerned with because it was set in a familiar place and it made people think the sort of themes discussed in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde could be happening around or near them. Darwins ideas about evolution and how human beings descended from apes changed Victorian beliefs. His ideas about people being evolved from apes suggest that animalistic urges and desires might be present in all men. Victorians tended to see crime as being carried out by the poor, who they thought of as being more brutish or animal like. Hyde is described as ape like but he is the other side of Jekyll, so Stevenson is saying all men are capable of brutish behaviour, regardless of their class. He is also described like this because of the brutal behaviour he shows during the Carew murder case. This suggests that Hyde is less evolved than other human beings. The reader learns however that Hyde is also Jekyll; this makes the reader think that anyone is capable of ape like behaviour. Another theme that is discussed in the novel involves people leading a double life. The idea of a double life, like the one Jekyll leads, would have appealed to Victorian readers because of the familiar background the novel was set in. Also Victorian codes of behaviour and social rules were strict and repressive, so people liked the idea of breaking out of this. In this novel the setting is important because it creates a sense of uncertainty and creates atmosphere because of the novel being set in dark and fog for most of it. Stevenson created a genre called urban gothic, this is because he set the novel in a familiar place and also at the time he wrote the book. He created a modern urban setting in order to engage his readers which mean they feel all the emotions more intensely because they can imagine it happening to them. The idea of the double life in the novel not only is of interest to Victorians but also to modern day readers because of the familiar setting. The phrase Jekyll and Hyde personality is used today when someone shows two very different sides of their personality because the book is about Dr Jekyll who leads a double life as Mr Hyde. So by saying a Jekyll and Hyde personality it is like saying a split personality. We can see many of the ideas that are in the novel in our present times for example leading a double life and this suggests that the ideas behind the novel are still as relevant today as they were in Victorian times.

Psychology for law enforcement Essay Example for Free

Psychology for law enforcement Essay Starting a Behavioral Science Unit (BSU) in local law enforcement would benefit the community in many areas. Criminology and psychology working together can help in understanding crime that is happening in our society as well as in our own communities giving better means of attending to victims, law enforcement as well as the criminals. The study of behavior began in the late 1800’s but it was through the work of B. F. Skinner. Behavior theory is the basis for behavior modification and one approached used in institutionalized and non institutionalized settings for changing behavior. The primary thesis is that all behavior is learned and can be unlearned. The approach is concerned with observable behavior in contrast to the traditional psychoanalytic emphasis on deep, underlying personality problem that must be uncovered and treated. Behavior theory is based on the belief that it is not the unconscious that is important but, rather, the behavior, which can be observed and manipulated. It is assumed that neurotic symptoms and some deviant behavior are acquired through an unfortunate quirk of learning and are rewarding to the patient. The undesirable behavior can be eliminated, modified, or replaced by taking away the reward value or by rewarding a more appropriate behavior that is incompatible with the deviant one. It is argued that behavior is controlled by its consequences. In dealing directly with behaviors that are undesirable, behavioral therapy attempts to change the person’s long-established patterns of response to himself or herself and to others (Schwartz, 1989). The starting of the BSU would only help to strengthen this theory. The unit should be staffed with individuals that have an educational background that had strength in the area of social psychology for the unit to give greatest benefit. Social psychology is the scientific study of how the thoughts, feelings and behaviors of one individual are influenced by the real, imagined, or inferred behavior or characteristics of other people. The focus of social psychology is on social cognition, attitudes, social influence and social action (Miller, 1984). Certified psychologists in counseling should be incorporated in requirements for employment. Depending on the budget for the program at least 2 psychologists on call for smaller departments to having a full time psychologist with a staff working for larger departments. This type of unit should be considered a focus on prevention of crime in and around the community. Peacemaking criminology would be the efforts of this unit. With this it focuses on the prevention rather than the repression of crime. Although crime prevention often means different things to different people, practitioners in the public health community have delineated three general approaches that I would like to use for this discussion: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention (Moore, 1995). Primary prevention attempts to keep criminal behavior from arising in the first place; it is directed at the entire community and not just at individuals who are seeking or who need treatment. Secondary prevention concentrates on early identification and treatment of vulnerable or at risk youths, and tertiary prevention entails interventions that protect society from offenders and that reduce the likelihood of recidivist behavior. The most effective prevention strategy is one that combines all three modalities. Efforts to address the social disorganization often found in inner-city areas will also be required. We need to put an end to racially segregated and densely populated housing projects that concentrate poor minorities, socially isolating them from the middle class and depriving them of the resources necessary for stable communities: strong families and positive role models that reinforce conventional values and provide networks of informal social control. Well funded investments like a Behavioral Science Unit can better refer the part of society most in need to the social programs best suited for the individual or individuals (Barkan, 1997). Community based corrections, facilities and programs from those that may be located in the community but are not, strictly speaking, community based such as BSU will help the society as a whole. The degree to which a corrections stem is community based can be measured by the frequency, quality and duration of community relationships as well as by the number of commitments to large state institutions, the extent to which other community services are used, and the degree of involvement by local groups and individuals. Some community correctional centers comprise a wide variety of programs including residential and nonresidential facilities (Miller, 1984). The BSU can help to bridge the gap law enforcement has with these larger community correctional centers. Social scientists continue to work toward understanding the causes of crime. Some look for a general theory to explain all crime; some of those approaches that look at the social structure or social structure theory. What we do know about crime is that men commit the most, but that some crimes have been increasing among women. We know that most crimes are committed by persons who are mobile residentially and who live in a large city. . We know that among juveniles, those who are bonded closely to their families and schools are less likely to commit delinquent acts or crimes than those who are not bonded. We know that those who are unemployed and hovering at the bottom of society’s social class structure are more likely to be involved in property crimes than those who are at the top of the social structure. But that knowledge of the serious property crimes as defined by the FBI must be considered along with data about white collar crime. This is where the Behavioral Science Unit would be very helpful to local law enforcement the most. Helping the officers to better understand just who they are trained to deal with, criminals (Messner Rosenfeld, 2001). Biologists and chemists were not the only professionals to link behavior to physical characteristics. Some early psychologists attempted to explain criminal behavior by means of the inherited trait we call intelligence. But the social psychologist look at environment, social interaction as well as biological to look for answers to behaviors and possible ways of deterrence. A society that permits deviation can expect negative deviation or crime. Laws emerge because societies understand the need to institute a more formal system of social control. Behavioral theory helps to make the formal system flow more easily and work more efficiently. Laws emerge out of this consensus. Laws are enacted by the group in power as a means of controlling those not in powers. Criminals do not differ necessarily from non criminals, but the difference may be in the way society reacts to their behavior. That is why a Behavior Science Unit incorporated into law enforcement offices will only increase the efficiency of the ability of that department to effectively enforce the laws our society has created and to connect the community to these offices in an effort to improve crime in and around the surrounding communities.

Does Africa Need Foreign Aid for Poverty Alleviation?

Does Africa Need Foreign Aid for Poverty Alleviation? By Carolyne Simiyu Foreign aid, is the transfer and loaning of funds, international goods or services from one country to another. It is often transferred from one developed economy to another developing country.[1] The main aims of aid, particularly in poor nations, are to alleviate poverty, give support to the needy such as internally displaced persons and refugees, reconstruct infrastructure, and revamp economy. However, the efficacy of aids for poverty alleviation in Africa has lost its objective. Since the 1950s, the idea that huge sums of donations can remedy poverty has dominated economic development discourses. More than half of the sub-Saharan Africa are poorer now than in the 1960s.[2] I do not deny the fact that many factors have contributed to poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa which include natural disasters such as famine, draught, and wars. But what about the huge overflow of foreign aid they have been channeling to this developing countries? What did they use it for? According to statistics, while progress has been made in other developing regions of the world, especially East Asia in the last six decades, the percentage of those living in extreme poverty increased in sub-Saharan Africa.[3] Such statistics can be both appalling and at the same time overwhelming. There are several reasons to why foreign aid is ineffective for poverty alleviation in Africa. The first reason is that poverty in African countries is not a vicious circle waiting to be broken by foreign assistance. Instead, poverty is created by economic institutions that systematically block the incentives and opportunities of poor people to make their lives better by themselves and their country.ÂÂ   Let us for instance the system of apartheid in South Africa which Nelson Mandela campaigned against. In this situation, apartheid was a set of economic institutions which was intended to work against the black South Africans. It contained rules that governed and dictated to people what they should do and what they should not do, including the incentives and opportunities they are entitled to.[4] In 1913, the South African government declared that 93 per cent of South Africa was for the white economy, while 7 per cent was for blacks (who constituted about 70 per cent of the popul ation). Blacks had to have a pass a national passport to travel to the cities for job opportunities in the white-controlled mines and industries. They could not own property, nor start a business there. Such economic institutions, which we call extractive sapped the God-given potentials and opportunities of the vast population of black South Africans and largely kept them in poverty. While the country was rich during this period, the wealth was in few hands and the majority were poor. As such, foreign aid would not remove such institutional violence that deprived the majority access to the national resources. It should be noted that people in poor countries have the same ambitions as those in rich countries. Just like those from developed nations, people from poor nations also need freedom of accessibility to economic resources, to have the same opportunities and chances to good health care, clean portable water in their homes and quality education for their children. The reason to why the poor remain poorer is because their basic ability including their talents have been denied the opportunity to grow by their various institutions in those countries. In Sub-Sahara African states, it is important to note that once you are wealthy, you are privileged because you are entitled to power while the poor on the other hand, are less privileged and at the mercy of those in power. By way of conclusion, the evidence from above examples and analysis have shown that poor people are trapped within extractive economic institutions and until these institutions undergo a radical reform, foreign aid and any development it seeks to achieve will only be a mirage, not only in Sub-Sahara Africa, but across all developing countries of the world. 1. Shah, Anup. Foreign Aid for Development Assistance. Global Issues: Sunday, September 28, 2014, http://www.globalissues.org/article/35/foreign-aid-development-assistance [2].ÂÂ   Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. Why foreign aid fails and how to really help Africa. The Spectator. January 27, 2014. Accessed February 04, 2017. http://www.spectator.co.uk/2014/01/why-aid-fails/. [3]. Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. 2015. Growth, Inequality and Poverty In Sub-Saharan Africa: Recent Progress In A Global Context. Oxford Development Studies 43, (1) (Jan 02): 44-59, https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgibin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1680154815?accountid=15115 (accessed February 4, 2017). [4]. Ronci, Donatella. 1973. Apartheid In South Africa: Exploitation and Superprofits. La Critica Sociologica 25, (0): 117-128, https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60911505?accountid=15115 (accessed February 4, 2017). Acromegaly Case Study: Healthcare Needs Acromegaly Case Study: Healthcare Needs Changing Care needs through the life stages You are required to write an assignment based on a person who is in the late stages of adulthood. The person can be a family member, friend or client. The assignment requires you to write about in general the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development in later adulthood first and then compare it to the actual individual’s current well being and lifestyle using the PIES tool. You must explore your own personal prejudices, fears and anxieties about working with people in your care. What has influenced it? What has changed it? Included in the assignment should be any variations whether positive or negative that are affecting the individual as well as recommendations on how you can positively and confidently respond to the needs of the person during this stage of life. Specific conditions: You must seek permission from the adult before writing essay. You must change the identity of the person as well as respecting confidentiality of the person. The essay must cover the following headings P.I.E.S of development during late adulthood(10 Marks) P.I.E.S of development of individual as well as your own personal prejudices, fears and anxieties.(5 Marks) Variations/factors affecting individual at this stage of life(5 Marks) Recommendations to respond confidently to the needs of the person(10 Marks) Introduction For my assignment I have chosen a family member in the late stages of adulthood with a condition called acromegaly. For this assignment I will use the internet, books and information directly from my family member and her immediate family in order to complete this assignment. All names will be changed in order to protect the person’s privacy and confidentiality. Permission has been sought from my family member to do this assignment on her condition and her stage of development. Main Body Clients Name – Lucy Age – 67 Condition – Acromegaly ‘Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that develops when your pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone’ (Mayoclinic.org, 2015) P.I.E.S of development during late adulthood Physical needs – During late adulthood our physical appearance is diminishing slowly this is due to cellular senescence (cells in our bodies start to decline) (Mark Stibich, 2015). Wrinkles start to appear as skin is losing elasticity. Our bones start to lose calcium and can become brittle (osteoporosis) and harder to heal. Certain illnesses are more likely to appear as one ages such as arthritis, heart disease, diabetes and respiratory problems. A good diet and regular exercise and most importantly a positive attitude in late adulthood can help greatly in prolonging these physical changes. However, even with a good lifestyle and a positive attitude, unforeseen circumstances may happen which triggers further degradation of a person’s health at this stage of development. Retirement and all it has to bring is in full swing. (Maslow, Hierarchy of Needs) According to Erik Erikson from the age of 65 we start to feel that our lives have become less productive. This indeed can be very true if we do n ot have a good retirement plan. With the more and more emphasis that is been put into place for retirement plans and groups that are been set up for the retired person this is helping greatly with these issues. Intellectual needs – As we age our cognitive ability declines. In late adulthood this can become apparent as our intellectual abilities start to decrease, some difficulties with memory and information processing (Paget). This is why it is crucial that adults in this stage keep their brain stimulated and active with certain activities. Even by keeping up reading newspapers, crosswords, bingo, and quiz’s.(Activity Theory) A lot of retirement groups that are being set up and there are courses that adults in this stage of development can do which will keep their minds busy and their brain stimulated which can have a domino effect on their mental health. Unfortunately illnesses may occur that have a negative effect to our cognitive ability such as dementia (Alzheimer’s, Lewy body, front temporal and vascular), Stroke or acquired brain injuries. Emotional needs – Erik Erikson stages of development describes late adulthood stage 65 + as a stage of Ego Integrity vs Despair. He believed that at this stage we look back on our lives so far and if we do not feel we accomplished everything we needed to at this stage of development we can develop a sense of despair which in turn will lead to feelings of depression. With this in mind this can be a very emotional time for some. At this stage of life it is imperative that we have family and friends that we can talk to and share our fears and feelings with. At this stage of development a person that has a life threatening illness may go through several emotions which is described by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross in her grief cycle. (Changingminds.org,2015) Social needs – At this stage of development it is crucial to have interaction with family and friends. As without these interactions a person in late adulthood can feel very isolated. A lot of people before this stage of development, are used to a busy social life, whether it is working or raising their families (Jung’s Theory on Ageing). It is very important that they are invited to family gatherings, social events and are visited regularly. This will help greatly with their physical, intellectual, and emotional needs which can have positive effects on the person’s health if they are kept socially active. It is also important that a person is encouraged to get involved with the various retirement clubs that are set up in their area.(Active retirement Ireland). P.I.E.S of development of individual as well as your own personal prejudices, fears and anxieties Physical needs – As Lucy is 67 and is in the late stages of adulthood her physical appearance is starting to diminish. Along with these changes unfortunately Lucy has to contend with other physical changes due to her condition acromegaly. A once average size woman Lucy has significantly shown signs of change physically. Her feet have gone from a size 6 to a size 9 shoe, her hands have grown bigger in size also and her weight has risen. She has had to deal with retirement and her condition all at once. A mother of 4 whom held down a full time job as a care assistant in a local nursing home in her area and kept her housework to perfection as she says her self she is a cleaning addict. At the age of 64 she discovered she had the condition acromegaly and in the last 3 years she has undergone surgery and radiotherapy to try and reduce the benign tumour on her pituitary gland. Unfortunately this was unsuccessful and Lucy has now to inject herself daily with Somavert 10mg, a medication to reduce the secreti ons of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. Lucy lives with her daughter, her daughter’s husband and their 2 children. I feel this is helping greatly with her physical needs as she still helps out with housework when she is well and she brings her grandchildren for walks to the park and playground. Intellectual needs Intellectually Lucy keeps her mind active by reading novels, and attending bingo when she is well enough. As part of her condition acromegaly she is part of a team in Beaumont Hospital whom are researching this condition that is affecting 400 people in Ireland. I feel this is helping her greatly intellectually as she is learning more and more about the condition and it is keeping her mind and brain active while doing so. Emotional needs Lucy’s emotions at this stage of her development and with the condition acromegaly can be all over the place. But with her family network around her and her close friends that she can talk to about her fears and anxieties this is a great help to her emotionally. I feel from talking to Lucy that she is very well informed by the research team at Beaumont and this is helping her greatly in dealing with her condition. From talking to her about her life so far I have gathered that she feels she has accomplished everything she needed to so far for this stage of development and I feel she can develop through this stage with a virtue of wisdom (Erik Erikson) Social needs – At this stage of development Lucy’s social needs are still of high importance. She still attends bingo with a close friend, family gatherings and family outings. Sometimes she feels that people she hasn’t seen in a while think she has put on weight by over eating but in fact it is because of her condition. She is a very outgoing person so this doesn’t bother her much as she just explains to them her condition. During her outings to Beaumont for research days she has got close to other people whom are at the same stage of development as her and also going through the same condition. My own personal fears, prejudices and anxieties at this stage of development Upon starting my work experience in a nursing home I had a fear that people in the late stage of adulthood development that were in a nursing home were left sitting in an arm chair all day with no interaction from other residents or staff. I realised the first day that this was not the case and that my nursing home had a activities coordinator that did SONAS activities with all residents. As part of the new HIQA standards person centred care approach this was a crucial part of standard working procedure. Variations/factors affecting individual at this stage of life At this stage of development Lucy is quite lucky as her daughter and son in law and grandchildren live with her and her sons live within a mile radius of her house. I feel this is a positive factor at this stage of life and with her condition as she has the comfort of a close knit family always there to help her at this stage and she has the added bonus of helping them too. With her condition acromegaly and the stage of development she is at I would worry that her medication daily (somavert) and indeed the condition itself would have adverse effects on her health (cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis) during this stage of her life. Lucy has informed me that the team at Beaumont are keeping a very close eye on her through many different tests including liver tests, blood tests and scans in order to keep a close eye on any adverse reactions to her medication and condition. Recommendations to respond confidently to the needs of the person In order for me as a HCA to respond confidently to Lucy’s needs I would need to have the correct information about her condition in order to help talk her through her treatments as I feel it is imperative to be able to confidently answer any questions she may have. I can research local support groups for Acromegaly sufferers and encourage her to join them and bring her family to help them further understand what changes are going on in her body. Using my interpersonal skills I can be a good listener and shoulder to cry on when she is feeling depressed and can take her on shopping trips to specialised shops that cater for women of larger stature. Lucy loves to write letters to family in Galway and England but finds it difficult, when her hands are paining her, therefore I can write dictations from her to keep her hobby. Even though she is not at risk of dementia from her illness, I feel it would be good to help her feel a sense of integrity about her life if we make a life book with her as she can visually see all that she has accomplished. (Erik Eriksson) Conclusion Upon researching for this assignment I have learned that the late stages of adulthood development can be an emotional rollercoaster for any individual. It is my duty going forward as a HCA to be able to understand the basic needs of a person going through this stage. In doing so I need to put myself in their shoes in my thinking and how I would like to be treated at this stage of development. References Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: http://google.ie/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instantion=1espv=2ie=UTF-8 [Accessed 3 Apr. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [Blog] Available at: http://nandahealth.blogspot.ie/2013/09/theories-of-aging-process-biology.html [Accessed 3 Apr. 2015]. Changingminds.org, (2015). The Kubler-Ross Grief Cycle. [online] Available at: http://changingminds.org/disciplines/change_management/kubler_ross/kubler_ross.htm [Accessed 3 Apr. 2015]. Cliffsnotes.com, (2015). Theories of Aging. [online] Available at: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/psychology/development-psychology/psychosocial-development-age-65/theories-of-aging [Accessed 3 Apr. 2015]. Headstrongbrain.com, (2015). What is Cognitive Decline?. [online] Available at: http://www.headstrongbrain.com/FAQ/~Q3-48/What_is_Cognitive_Decline [Accessed 3 Apr. 2015]. Independent.ie, (2011). Pituitary gland: The tiny gland that can cause very big problems Independent.ie. [online] Available at: http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/health/pituitary-gland-the-tiny-gland-that-can-cause-very-big-problems-26776040.html [Accessed 3 Apr. 2015]. Mark Stibich, P. (2015). Senescence, Healthy Aging and Longevity. [online] About.com Health. Available at: http://longevity.about.com/od/whyweage/a/senescence.htm [Accessed 3 Apr. 2015]. Mayoclinic.org, (2015). Acromegaly Complications Mayo Clinic. [online] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acromegaly/basics/complications/con-20019216 [Accessed 3 Apr. 2015]. Mayoclinic.org, (2015). Acromegaly Definition Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. [online] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acromegaly/basics/definition/con-20019216 [Accessed 30 Mar. 2015]. McLeod, S. (2007). Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. [online] Simply Psychology. Available at: http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html [Accessed 30 Mar. 2015]. McLeod, S. (2015). Erik Erikson | Psychosocial Stages | Simply Psychology. [online] Simplypsychology.org. Available at: http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html [Accessed 30 Mar. 2015]. Medicines.ie, (2015). Somavert 10mg, 15mg and 20mg Powder and Solvent for Solution for Injection Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC). [online] Available at: http://www.medicines.ie/medicine/9530/SPC/Somavert+10mg,+15mg+and+20mg+Powder+and+Solvent+for+Solution+for+Injection/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2015]. Rightdiagnosis.com, (2015). Aging Theories RightDiagnosis.com. [online] Available at: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/genetics/aging.htm [Accessed 3 Apr. 2015]. OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION Healthcare Support1Edel Brew

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and the Pure Food and Drug Act Essay

Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle† and the Pure Food and Drug Act Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle,† gave the most in-depth description of the horrid truths about the way America’s food companies, â€Å"the only source of food for people living in the city,† are preparing the food they sell. â€Å"The Jungle† describes the terrible conditions of a Lithuanian family that moved to the US, and had to work, live, and die for the food companies in Chicago. â€Å"The Jungle† spurred a movement in the American people to do something about the problems facing the American food supply. Because of the growing concern about the quality of food in America the government took action to prevent further problems. Thus the Food and Drug Act of 1906 was passed to fix the problems. The Food and Drug Act was a true example of how the people of our nation influenced the government to take action, to solve a growing problem effecting the American people. â€Å"The Jungle† talks about a couple who move to an area of Chicago, â€Å"known as Packtown,† from Lithuania. Packtown is the center of Chicago’s meat packing industry. It is a hard, dangerous, and filthy place where it is difficult to find a job. Some relatives of the couple and themselves get a house, but find out it is a swindle. Expenses increase and forces the children of the family to find work like the adults. Jobs in Packtown are back-breaking , unsafe, and have no regard for individual workers. The oldest of the family gets a job, but it is to difficult for the old man and he quickly dies. The man of the couple, â€Å"Jurgis,† is forced to work in an unheated packing house during the winter. Jurgis is injured and cant work for three months receiving no pay. One of the children dies of food poisoning. Jurgis joins a union and slowly begins to understand the way politics and bribery that control Packingtown. After attacking the boss of his wife for making her sleep with him, Jurgis is put in jail for a month. While in Jail the family has been evicted from there home and is living in a run-down boardinghouse. When Jurgis returns home he finds his wife in premature labor, and in the process of giving birth the child and her. Jurgis disappears on a drinking binge. With the help of a wealthy woman who takes and interest in the family, Jurgis finds a job at a steel mill. He is renewed in hope dedicating himself to Antanas, â€Å"his ... ...lightly to violating its new laws. From respectable authorities on the subject, and the 1906 Food and Drugs Act itself, gave paticual understanding of the events effecting that time period, a understanding of certain points in the novel â€Å"The Jungle†, and how the government went about solving the nation’s going problem, has lead myself to agree that Upton Sinclairs’s â€Å"The Jungle† had a major role in moving the government to clean up the food supply. Which by the approval of the 1906 Food and Drugs Act, the government succeeded in solving the problem. â€Å"The Jungle† showed to the nation the scam of biblical antiquity, that was effecting there very lives. It rallied the people to make the government find a solution to prevent further sicknesses and deaths because of greedy capitalists. The government set forth the Food and Drugs Act of 1906 in response which regulated and examined products developed by food and drug companies. Upton Sinclair provided the motive, and the government supplied the solution. Because of the these two forces we, in our day in time, can rest assured that our food and drugs are of the very top quality, and purity for human consumption.

Encounters With Books :: Personal Narrative Essays

Encounters With Books My speech teacher had told me that an individual would remember thirty percent of what they read, forty percent of what they hear, and over fifty percent of what they actually speak. Can you imagine how much a parent would remember if they read a book aloud to their child and then their child read it back? That would not only prove as a good way for a child to better their reading skills, but it would also serve as a means of bonding between a child and their parent. Books play a role in everyone's lives. Ones literary tastes begin during their childhood, when parents are reading to their children. That is where you first gain the knowledge of what types of books you like to read, and like a fine wine, it will refine with age. In my third year of Elementary School, I was constantly drowning myself in books. My family kept moving from state to state, and by my third grade year, I felt as if books were the only true friends I had. As a gift, my mother had brought me a new book one day. It was filled with exciting new thoughts and stories. The Giving Tree was a book is about a little boy who finds company and friendship with this "giving tree." As the boy grows older, the tree tries its hardest to still be there for the boy when he needs it. My mother explained that she would gladly be my tree. No matter what comes my way, she will always be there when I need her. During my middle school years, we were forced to read Of Mice And Men and To Kill A Mockingbird. I always seemed to struggle with things I was forced to read. Both books express a type of prejudice against one of the main characters. Of Mice And Men was about Lenny and George who were drifters. Lenny was mentally retarded, and the boys on the farm would poke fun at him due to this condition. In To Kill A Mockingbird, a young black man was accused of raping a white woman, but he did not commit the crime. In both of these novels, someone was looked upon as less than they really were.

Part Five Chapter V

V Krystal was walking along Foley Road in the early morning sunlight, eating a banana. It was an unfamiliar taste and texture, and she could not make up her mind whether she liked it or not. Terri and Krystal never bought fruit. Nikki's mother had just turfed her unceremoniously out of the house. ‘We got things to do, Krystal,' she had said. ‘We're going to Nikki's gran's for dinner.' As an afterthought, she had handed Krystal the banana to eat for breakfast. Krystal had left without protest. There was barely enough room for Nikki's family around the kitchen table. The Fields were not improved by sunshine, which merely showed up the dirt and the damage, the cracks in the concrete walls, the boarded windows and the litter. The Square in Pagford looked freshly painted whenever the sun shone. Twice a year, the primary school children had walked through the middle of town, crocodile fashion, on their way to church for Christmas and Easter services. (Nobody had ever wanted to hold Krystal's hand. Fats had told them all that she had fleas. She wondered whether he remembered.) There had been hanging baskets full of flowers; splashes of purple, pink and green, and every time Krystal had passed one of the planted troughs outside the Black Canon, she had pulled off a petal. Each one had been cool and slippery in her fingers, swiftly becoming slimy and brown as she clutched it, and she usually wiped it off on the underside of a warm wooden pew in St Michael's. She let herself into her house and saw at once, through the open door to her left, that Terri had not gone to bed. She was sitting in her armchair with her eyes closed and her mouth open. Krystal closed the door with a snap, but Terri did not stir. Krystal was at Terri's side in four strides, shaking her thin arm. Terri's head fell forwards onto her shrunken chest. She snored. Krystal let go of her. The vision of a dead man in the bathroom swam back into her subconscious. ‘Silly bitch,' she said. Then it occurred to her that Robbie was not there. She pounded up the stairs, shouting for him. †M'ere,' she heard him say, from behind her own closed bedroom door. When she shouldered it open, she saw Robbie standing there, naked. Behind him, scratching his bare chest, lying on her own mattress, was Obbo. ‘All righ', Krys?' he said, grinning. She seized Robbie and pulled him into his own room. Her hands trembled so badly that it took her ages to dress him. ‘Did ‘e do somethin' to yer?' she whispered to Robbie. †M'ungry,' said Robbie. When he was dressed, she picked him up and ran downstairs. She could hear Obbo moving around in her bedroom. ‘Why's ‘e ‘ere?' she shouted at Terri, who was drowsily awake in her chair. ‘Why's ‘e with Robbie?' Robbie fought to get out of her arms; he hated shouting. ‘An' wha' the fuck's that?' screamed Krystal, spotting, for the first time, two black holdalls lying beside Terri's armchair. ‘S'nuthin',' said Terri vaguely. But Krystal had already forced one of the zips open. ‘S'nuthin'!' shouted Terri. Big, brick-like blocks of hashish wrapped neatly in sheets of polythene: Krystal, who could barely read, who could not have identified half the vegetables in a supermarket, who could not have named the Prime Minister, knew that the contents of the bag, if discovered on the premises, meant prison for her mother. Then she saw the tin, with the coachman and horses on the lid, half-protruding from the chair on which Terri was sitting. ‘Yeh've used,' said Krystal breathlessly, as disaster rained invisibly around her and everything collapsed. ‘Yeh've fuckin' – ‘ She heard Obbo on the stairs and she snatched up Robbie again. He wailed and struggled in her arms, frightened by her anger, but Krystal's grip was unbreakable. ‘Fuckin' lerrim go,' called Terri fruitlessly. Krystal had opened the front door and was running as fast as she could, encumbered by Robbie who was resisting and moaning, back along the road.

Industrial Training Research Paper on Esquire

AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Dept. of Textile Technology Course No: Tex-600 Course Title: Industrial Training Session: Fall 2010 REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING From 1st June 2011 to 30th July 2011 ESQUIRE KNIT COMPOSITE LTD 22/58, Kachpur, Sonargaon, Narayangonj Supervising Teacher Nahida Akter Lecturer Dept. of Textile Technology, AUST Report Submitted By- Name| ID| Md. Imtiaz Ahmed| 07. 01. 06. 0| Md. Iftekhar Hossain| 07. 01. 06. 067| Md. Husne Mubarak| 07. 01. 05. | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At first our gratefulness goes to Almighty Allah to give us strength & ability to complete the Industrial training.Industrial Training is an academic course of the Textile Technology Department of AUST. We want to thank Professor Dr. Mustafizur Rahman, Head, Department of Textile Technology, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, gave us an opportunity to choose preferable mill for Industrial Training. We chose Esquire Knit Composite Limited gracefully with the supervision of our teacher Mrs. Nahida Akter , Lecturer. We would like to thank her for her logical guidelines, constant inspirations necessary instructions and proper supervision.During the training in Esquire Knit Composite Limited we worked in all the departments related with the Wet Processing Section. We also worked sincerely in the Knitting Section, Maintenance and Effluent Treatment Plant. Moreover we learned about Quality Control Section, finished Fabric Inspection Section, finishing & specially dyeing. We would like to thank the management of Esquire Knit Composite Limited for giving us the opportunity to do industrial training successfully and also for their valuable suggestions. Our heartiest appreciation goes to Mr. Ehsanul Karim Kaiser, ED of operation EKCL and Mr.Hafizur Rahaman Nixon DGM (Fabric dyeing) for their permission to conduct our industrial training without which it would be incomplete. We would also like to thank Mr. Md. Zaman Manager (Fabric Dyeing) and Mr. Md Helal Sr. M anager (Fabric Finishing) for their insightful suggestions, guidelines and sharing their values with us. At last we want to thanks all the executives, senior executives and officials of EKCL for helping us to conduct industrial training successfully. Chapter 1: GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT FACTORY 1. NAME OF FACTORY: Esquire Knit Composite Ltd. 2. STATUS: Private Ltd. Company 3.NATURE OF BUSINESS: 100% Export oriented composite knit Dyeing 4. OWNER OF THE MILL: Md. Mofazzal Hossain. 5. LOCATION OF MILL: 22/58, Kanchpur, Sonargaon, Narayangonj. 6. HEAD OFFICE: Ideal Trade Centre (9th & 10th Floor) 102, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka. Tel: 9113161, 9129396 Fax. 880-02-812 E-mail: [email  protected] net 7. YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT: Fabric dyeing project: July-1993 Yarn dyeing project: September-1993 8. Project Cost: Taka 400, 00,000 9. Project Area: 200000 sq. feet 10. Total Manpower: a. Yarn Dyeing: 350 b.Embroidery: 120 c. Fabric Dyeing: 400 d. Maintenance: 150 e. Knit ting: 400 f. Garments: 4310 g. Printing: 150 h. Administration: 120 11. INSTALLED CAPACITY : 1. 54 Million kg 12. TOTAL TURNOVER: Average 13. PRODUCTION: a. Total:450 Metric ton per month b. Knitting: 12 tons/day c. Yarn dyeing: 8 tons/day d. Fabric dyeing: 15 tons/day e. Garments: 50000 pcs/day Site location of the mill WEST SOUTH NORTH Jatrabari Chowrasta EAST Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Esquire Knit Composite Limited Kachpur Bridge Sinha Textile Dhaka-Shylet Highway Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Different Departments:The mill has several sections to run smoothly, they are given bellow: * KNITTING SECTION: 1. Knitting 2. Inspection * KNIT DYEING SECTION: 1. Batch section 2. Store house for dyes &chemicals 3. Dyeing section 4. Lab & QC 5. Finishing * YARN DYEING SECTION: 1. Batch section 2. Store house for dyes &chemicals 3.Dyeing section 4. Lab & QC 5. Finishing * GARMENTS SECTION: 1. Merchandising 2. Sample 3. Production * MAINTENANCE: 1. Electrical 2. Mechanical 3. Utility * ACCOUNTS & COMMERCIAL SECTION * PLANNING DEPARTMENT * HUMAN RESOURCE SECTION * ADMIN SECTION PRODUCT MIX: a) Knitted grey fabrics: Single jersey Plain Fabric, 1Ãâ€"1 Rib, 2Ãâ€"1 Rib, 2Ãâ€"2 Rib , Lycra single jersey, Lycra Rib, Interlock, Polo Pique, Lacoste(Single/Double), Engineering Stripe, Feeder Stripe, Drop needle, 2/3 Thread fleece(Brushed/Un-brushed), Collar & Cuff etc. ) Knit Garments: T-shirt, Polo shirt, Sweat shirt, Golf shirt, Cardigan, Jogging suit, Short/Trouser, Legging, Fashion dress & Children wears etc. COMPANY PROFILE About Esquire : Esquire group is one of the leading among manufacturers & suppliers of a comprehensive range of quality knitted fabrics, dyed fabrics , Dyed yarns 7 Garments products for different customer requirements . Our range of products include dyed yarn , Dyed of knitted fabrics, Grey fabrics; Single jersey, Double jersey, CVC Fleece, Terry fabrics, Plain interlock, PC, 100% Polyester fabrics, Grey Melange and final products is Garments & printing.An ISO 9001:2000 certified company; Esquire Group continues to play a leading role in the manufacturing of Quality Garments in Bangladesh with the intent to further strengthen its position for its quality products. With our decades of experience and extensive industry knowledge, we have been able to face the challenges of the global market place and deliver quality products in adherence with market standards and parameters. Whatever your specification or quantity desired, our expertise and quality of service always remain the same .Modern production and techniques and flexible procersses and procedures allow us to offer efficient service for small batch as well as large orders . Esquire knit Composite is a 100% export –oriented company and work with the objective of achieving maximum customer satifaction. The Company has adopt innovative procedures and practice to meet customer expectations everytime they deal with us. We always welcome any feedback or suggestions from clients in order to serve them better . Vision: We will work together to define and understand every process performed by the rganization and continuosly strive to improve the quality at defferet stage of production and supply. Our aim is to grow by providing standard and superior dyeing products and Garments and support services that are always astep ahead,Eco-frriendly , and loved by our customers . We will give our customers every reason to rely on us and will achieve our vision by developing win-win partnership with our clients and open communications with our all stake holders including associates , customers and suppliers . Mision:Our mission is to lead the industry to the front with complete commitment and dedication on standards , Quality, productivity and customer satisfaction . Esquire Team : Another major asset to our sophisticated production facilities and technical expertise is our team of experienced and qualified people who are committed to achieve maximum customer satisfacti on by delivering superior value products . The team works under the able guidance of our chairman Mr. Mofazzol Hossain , under whose leadership, The company has reached so far in this business. Our senior management include * Mr. Mofazzol Hossain-(Chairman) Esquire group Mr. Ehsanul Habib- Managing Director (M. D) * Mr. Ehsanul Karim Kaiser-General Manager(G. M) * Dr. Md. Ali Haider-G. M(R&D) * Mr. A. S. M. Hafizur Rahman-DGM (Fabric dyeing) * Mr. Nazrul Islam Khan-AGM (Garments) * Mr. Faroqure rahman-AGM (Yarn dyeing) REMARKS : Esquire knit composite Ltd. is a member of Esquire group of companies , a leading house of industries and commerce in Bangladesh . It contains Esquire Electronics , Esquire knit composite , Esquire Knit Wears, Esquire Dyeing Industry , Esquire sourcing , MMH textiles , Fashion Paradise Ltd. CHAPTER 02 Raw Material RAW MATERIAL:Raw material is a unique substance in any production oriented textile industry. It plays a vital role in case of continuous productio n & for high quality fabric. The EKCL always try to use high quality raw material to export high quality and world class product. Raw material for knitting: Yarn Count Cotton:20/1s ,24/1s, 26/1s,30/1s,40/1s) Polyester:50/D,75/D, 100/D Lycra:120/D PC:30/1s CVC:30/1s Gray Millenge:28/1 s Raw material for yarn dyeing: Yarn: Cotton(20/1s,24/1s,26/1s,30/1s,40/1s), Polyester (50/D, 75/D100/D), Lycra (120/D), PC(30/1s), CVC(30/1s) Thread Dyes: Remazol, Ciba, Bezaktive SLF, Drimarene, Kimsoline.Auxiliaries: Raw material for Fabric dyeing: Fabric: Single Jersey, Lycra Single jersey, 1? 1 Rib, 2? 1 Rib, 2? 2 Rib, Lycra Rib, Interlock, Single lacoste, Double lacoste, Terry fleece, Polo pique, Lycra fleece, Gray Millenge. Dyes: Dyes list is given in the next page Auxiliaries: Auxiliaries list is given after dyes list Chemicals & Auxiliaries used in EKCL: Sr. No. | Type| Chemical Name| Supplier| 01. | Acid donor| 01. | DYAPOL-AB| DYAPOL| | | 02. | MEROPAN-CIT| CHT| | | 03. | OPTAVON-4UD| ZSCHIME R & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | SANDASID PB| CLARIANT| | | 05. | SENTAVIN RCO| H & M LTD. | 2. | Anti-creasing Agent| 01. | ALBAFLUID CD| HUNTSMAN| | | 02. | BIAVIN 109 (10% Sol. )| CHT| | | 03. | BIAVIN SFT (10% Sol. )| CHT| | | 04. | Cibafluid C| N/A| | | 05. | JINSOFTER-ACN| JINTEX| | | 06. | JINSOFTER CBA| JINTEX| | | 07. | JINSOFTER BSK| JINTEX| 03. | Antifoaming agent| 01. | ALBATEX FFC (10% Sol. )| CIBA CHEMICALS| | | 02. | CIBAFLOW Jet| CIBA CHEMICALS| | | 03. | CONTIPON S (10% Sol. ) | ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | JINDAFOAM JET| JINTEX| | | 05. | CROSCOLOR CDA| EURO DYE CTC| | | 06. | CROSCOLOR NJA| N/A| | | 07. | CROSCOLOR PTM| H & M LTD. | | | 08. | TISSOCYL RC9| H & M LTD. | | 09. | Zetafoam Zero (5% Sol. )| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| 04. | Anti-pilling Enzyme| 01. | Al-Chemi (Conj)| N/A| | | 02. | BEIZYM TEC| HUNTSMAN| | | 03. | Bio-polish| Tex Resources| | | 04. | Biotex PIL(30% Sol. )| N/A| | | 05. | DELTA-BP| H. P. CHEMICALS| | | 06. | Ecotouch| Quality Colour & Chem. LTD. | | | 07. | Fibrilase HD 350| N/A| | | 08. | FORYLASE-DLS 170| N/A| | | 09. | HDL-160| Ablu| | | 10. | JINTEXME OEM| JINTEX| | | 11. | Liquid Enzyme| N/A| | | 12. | MEGA-EH3| Ablu| | | 13. | Retrocell PL7X| H & M LTD. | | | 14. | Retrocell ELX| H & M LTD. | | | 15. | Retrocell PLEX| N/A| | | 16. Retrocell-PLX-TRA| FINTEX TRADING CORP. | | | 17. | ROCKSOFT TM BIO-ACE| dyadic International| | | 18. | SILTEX PE40| CRECOON PVT LTD (PAK)| 05. | Creasing agent| 01. | INVATEX SA| HUNTSMAN| 06. | Detergent| 01. | INVATEX DA| HUNTSMAN| 07. | Dispersing agent| 01. | Domapol-B-conc. | N/A| | | 02. | DYAPOL XLF| ZSCHIMER & SCH | | | 03. | INVATEX AC| HUNTSMAN| | | 04. | OPTAVON SV| H & M LTD. | | | 05. | SETAMOL BL| BASF| | | 06. | SETAMOL WS| N/A| 08. | Emulsifier| 01. | MA-Humi-W(terge AP)| Elitte Textile| 09. | Enzymatic Killer| 01. | SILTEX ASILON OL| CRECOON PVT LTD. (PAK)| 10. | Fixing Agent| 01. ALBAFIX ECO| HUNTSMAN| | | 02. | ALCOFIX R| N/A| | | 03. | JINFIXER| JINTEX| | | 04. | ZETAFIX-R-( WER)| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 05. | ZETAFIX WER| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 06. | Zetasal-WER| JINTEX| | | 07. | TAIGAL N-600| N/A| 11. | General Chemicals| 01. | ACETIC ACID| CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD| | | 02. | BLEACHING POWDER| CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD| | | 03. | Biorol-JK| N/A| | | 04. | CAUSTIC SODA (Pearls)| ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM LTD| | | 05. | Chelam-NEX| N/A| | | 06. | Common Salt (Sikder)| N/A| | | 07. | DISODIUM PHOSPHATE| N/A| | | 08. | GLAUBER SALT| GRASSIM IND. LTD| | | 09. | Green-Acid (Jintex-CPS)| JINTEX| | | 10. GREEN ACID (Jintex-CPS)| N/A| | | 11. | GSS. | FINTEX TRADING| | | 12. | H2O2 (35%)| H. P. CHEMICALS| | | | | | | | 13. | H2O2 (50%)| CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD| | | 14. | JINTEX RH| JINTEX| | | 15. | Lazim PE| N/A| | | 16. | Lubisol-AM| N/A| | | 17. | SCOURNER BF-70| N/A| | | 18. | SETAVIN AS| N/A| | | 19. | Soda Ash| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 20. | Sodium Hydros| NIMIR SPECIALLY CHEMICAL LTD. | | | 21. | Soda PS| SHUNG SHUNG CHEM. COM. LTD. | | | 22. | TRI SODIUM PHOSP HATE| N/A| | | 23. | Viscobleach| ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM. (SA)| | | 24. | Viscocolor| ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM. (SA)| 12. | Levelling agent(For Reactive dyes)| 01. Ablutex-STR| Ablu| | | 02. | ALBATEX LD| HUNTSMAN| | | 03. | Alcoperse AD| N/A| | | 04. | BITGEN DL/P| N/A| | | 05. | CROSCOLOR ADM| H & M LTD. | | | 06. | CROSCOLOR HPJS| H & M LTD. | | | 07. | JINLEV CL-225| JINTEX| | | 08. | JINTEX RLA| JINTEX| | | 09. | Levajol-RL| N/A| | | 10. | MA SCOUR AIN (Perp-IN)| Ellite Textile| | | 11. | Sera-Gal-C-FTR| Scarlet Services| | | 12. | TAIGAL NL-4DH| N/A| | | 13. | TAIGAL SET| N/A| | Levelling agent(For Dispersedyes)| 01. | CROSPREP PBS| H & M LTD. | | | 02. | Doregal-SFD| N/A| | | 03. | DYAPOL-XLF| DYAPOL| | | 04. | JINLEV RLF| JINTEX| | | 05. | LYOGEN PES LIQUID-200| JINTEX| 3. | Peroxide Killer| 01. | Catalase BF| CHT| | | 02. | LORINOL ULTRA-125| N/A| | | 03. | R-THN/Catalase BF| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | Setavan-PK(THN) 50%| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 05. | Reduzol PK (50% Sol. )| N/A| 14. | Reducing agent| 01. | IRGASOL DAM| CIBA CHEMICALS| | | 02. | MCL-TH| CLARIANT| | | 03. | Meropan / Redulite Red| CHT| | | 04. | Redulite – RED| CHT| | | | | | | | 05. | REDUPAL SU| CLARIANT| | | 06. | Zetasol – OR| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| 15. | Sequestering agent| 01. | ANTISIL CONZ| N/A| | | 02. | HEPTOL KEB| CHT| | | 03. | JINTEXALATE SQ-117| JINTEX| | | 04. | LADIQUEST 1097| CLARIANT| | 05. | MEROPAN DPE| CHT| | | 06. | SECURON-C| COGNIS| | | 07. | Trilon – TB| BASF| | | 08. | TRILON TB (10% Sol. )| CLARIANT| 16. | Silicone| 01. | MICROCIL AM| SILVIA| 17. | Soaping agent| 01. | ASUTOL-PA| Ablu| | | 02. | CEREFAST CRD| N/A| | | 03. | COTOBLANCE NSR | CHT| | | 04. | ERIOPON R| HUNTSMAN| | | 05. | JINTEXALATE QSE| JINTEX| | | 06. | REACTIVE W| Texotech| 18. | Softener| 01. | Astrost SA (10% Sol. )| N/A| | | 02. | Bevasoft – CF (10% Sol. )| N/A| | | 03. | CROSOFT NBC (10% Sol. )| EURO-DYE CTC| | | 04. | Decosoft Jcc (10% Sol. )| Tex Color Int. | | | 05. | INSOFT CL (10% Sol. )| NIMIR SPECIALLY CHEMICAL LTD. | | 06. | JINSOFT AW-509| JINTEX| | | 07. | JINSOFTER FS/CS| JINTEX| | | 08. | Jinsofter ME| N/A| | | 09. | Jinsofter NF (10% Sol. )| JINTEX| | | 10. | JINSOFTER WCS-(FLAKES)| JINTEX| | | 11. | Ma-Smooth AL| EURO-DYE CTC| | | 12. | MEGASOFT FMG| HUNTSMAN| | | 13. | TUBINGAL| CHT| 19. | Washing agent| 01. | Ablutex BBV| Ablu| | | 02. | FELOSAN NOF| CHT| | | 03. | Flock-BM/Hydrostat-BM| N/A| | | 04. | Hydrostat BM| N/A| | | 05. | MA Disp-ARE (SOAP REA)| Ellite Textile| | | 06. | SCOURNER S-300| N/A| | | 07. | SINCAL – MED| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 08. | SQ-117| JINTEX| | | 09. | STAIN REMOVER| N/A| | | 10. ZETASOL SPECIAL| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| 20. | Wetting agent | 01. | Ablutex AP-500| Ablu| | | 02. | Ablutex -AP-750 (42% Sol. )| Ablu| | | 03. | AMIDOPAL PB| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | APRETAN EM| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 05. | ASILON OIL| MM TRADING| | | 06. | Chtex BS-401| Centary Faith Industrial Ltd. | | | 07. | Crosquent DS| H & M LTD. | | | 08. | DEPICOL RC-9| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 09. | DIAMUL SHC| YORKSITE| | | 10. | DYAPOL HWF| H & M LTD. | | | 11. | FELOSAN RGN| CHT| | | 12. | FORYI 146 (CONC. )| COGNIS| | | 13. | JINTERGE SCF Cond| N/A| | | 14. | JKY| T.CORPORATION| | | 15. | Lorinal R. K| N/A| | | 16. | MA-Lizen XLC| Ellite Textile| | | 17. | Optavon-AC-BL-100(ABC)| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 18. | Optavon 4UD| H & M LTD. | | | 19. | PERLAVIN NDA| N/A| | | 20. | RADUZIN ABC| Ablu| | | 21. | RADUZIN ABC| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 22. | RADUZIN AC-BL-100| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 23. | Zetasal WER (10% Sol. )| N/A| PRODUCTION PLANNING & SEQUENCE OF OPERATION Introduction and Basic Procedure of Planning and Control : A planned work brings success. Without planning nothing is completed within the required time. So planning has its own importance which is intolerable. Planning† gives a scheduled task and ‘control' completes it successfully. But production planning and cont rol is not an easy task. So EKCL has a self-sufficient and high-performance department called â€Å"Production Planning & Control†. Its Basic working procedure is as follows : 1. Taking orders from marketing division. 2. Analyzing the orders. 3. Planning for knitting the fabric. 4. Planning for dyeing the fabric. 5. Planning for finishing the fabric. It is only a basic procedure. It may change according to the type of order. Sometimes, order is places only for finishing the material or only for dyeing the white goods.Then some steps are omitted for planning procedure. 1. Taking orders from marketing division: EKCL marketing division supplies Fabric Orders to the Planning and control division by a special format. 2. Analyzing the orders: This section analyze the orders according to buyers, Order Quantity, type of orders (i. e. type of fabric, color to be dyed etc. ), delivery date etc. Then it selects which M/C. to use, no of M/C. to use, time required for production etc. This section plans for required quantity of fabric to be knitted (Order quantity + 6% of Order Quantity), knitting balance, fabric need to be dyed.Dyeing balance, RFD (Ready for delivery), RFD balance, delivered fabric and delivery balance. 3. Planning for knitting : This section plans for knitting production. It selects machine for knit the fabric for specific type of fabric, type of yarn used, required GSM, width etc. It also gives delivery data for knitted fabric. It also places orders for buying of yarn from spinning mills by a specific schedule. 4. Planning for dyeing the fabric: Production planning for dyeing is called ‘Batch Plan'. According to the batch no. And color, width, style and construction the batch plan is made. For easy understand this section gives some ‘T. cards. ‘T' cards are serialized according to the priority of delivery. The batches and ‘T' cards also serialized as to dye light shade at first and lastly the dark shades, since faulty shade s can be converted to dark color later. 5. Planning for finishing the fabric: Finishing schedule is same us the dyeing. After dyeing the material goes to the finishing section with the batch plan. Finished data is written to the batch card and is informed to the planning section. However, this section always enforces to all the departments to finish all the works within the delivery time given by the buyers.This section delivers materials by truck, micro, air etc to the customer within the meantime. Thus it plays a very important role in the success of the company. Production planning: Marketing Lab dip Lab dip approval Sample production Sample approval and order for bulk production Knitting Sample production according to buyer recommendation Bulk knitting production Batching Pre- treatment Dyeing Finishing Packing Ready for delivery (RFD) Garments section SEQUENCE OF OPERATION : Knitting Grey inspection Batch preparation White Processing Pretreatment Cotton dyeing Polyester dyeing Hydro-extracting Dewatering Drying CompactingFinal Inspection inspection Finished store Delivery to Garment industry Lab Section Lay out for Lab Chemicals Dexter HT Dyeing m/c Lab table Wash fast UN-1 Mathis Labomat Digi Oven Ahiba Naunce Rapid dyeing m/c Ahiba Naunce Rapid dyeing m/c Ahiba sample dyeing-1Robolab-1 Robolab-2 Trumble dryer Washactor-2 Spectophotometer-1 Lab Office Washactor-1 Spectophotometer-2 Lab ; Quality Control machines ; apparatus Specification SL. No. | Specification| SL. No. | Specification| 01. | ROBOLABModel No. : XPNManufacturer : Sclavous InternationalMade in :GreeceFunction :1. Making stock solution accurately. 2. Auto dispersing of given recipe. MACHINE TYPE :Robolab XPNMANUFACTURED BY â€Å"TALOS†-66100DRAMA GR MANUFACTURE IN YEAR :2009SERIAL No. 0963TOTAL WEIGHT : 800 KGPOWER : 4 KWELECTRICAL FEATURES : 220v 50HzPHASES : 1 MAX. CURRENT : 20 A | 02. | ROBOLABModel No. : XPNManufacturer : Sclavous InternationalMade in :GreeceFunction :1. Maki ng stock solution accurately. 2. Auto dispersing of given recipe. MACHINE TYPE :Robolab XPNMANUFACTURED BY â€Å"TALOS†-66100DRAMA GR MANUFACTURE IN YEAR :2009SERIAL No. : 0963TOTAL WEIGHT : 800 KGPOWER : 4 KWELECTRICAL FEATURES : 220v 50HzPHASES : 1 MAX. CURRENT : 20 A| 03. | Ahiba IRSample Dyeing machineModel No. : USTCManufacturer : USAFunction :1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. f pots in the dye bath : 20Brand : datacolor SPECTRUMâ„ ¢ family of solutions| 04. | Ahiba NuanceSample Dyeing machineModel No. : ECOManufacturer : Datacolor Function :1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye bath : 20Brand : datacolor SPECTRUMâ„ ¢| 05. | Ahiba NuanceSample Dyeing machineModel No. : ECOMade in : USAManufacturer : Datacolor Function :1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye bath : 20Brand : datacolor SPECTRUMâ„ ¢| 06. | MATHIS LabomatSample Dyeing machineModel No. : AGCH-8156Manufacturer : Warner MathisFunction :1.Sample dy eing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye bath : 24| 07. | Dexter – High Temperature Dyeing machineModel No. : 73Manufacturer : Yuan Shen Enterprise Ltd. Made in : TaiwanFunction :1. Sample dyeing in high temperatureTemperature maintained by Glycerine bath. No. of pots in the dye bath : 24 Dexter ®PH : 3 ,VOLT : 220 Hz , INPUT : 9 KWMODEL No. :73 DATE : 93 07YUAN SHEN ENTERPRISE CO. LTD. | 08. | Wash Fast UNIModel No. : 60351Serl. No. : 145338 Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : IndiaMethod used : (ISO-105C06,C01 AATC-61/135)Function :1. For checking color fastness after washing.No. of pots in the bath : 08 | 09. | DIGIOVENModel No. : C1301Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : IndiaMethod used : (ISO-105E 01, E 04/AATCC-107/15-2002)Function :1. Sample drying for perspiration ; water fastness test. | 10. | PERSPIRPMETERModel No. : C2301Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : IndiaMethod used : (ISO-105 E 01,E 04/AATCC-107/15-2002)Function :1. For checking color fastn ess to perspiration. | 11. | RAPID DYEING MACHINEFunction :1. Sample dyeing . 2. Wash-off the dyed sample. 3. Different pretreatment for dyeing. >Required time can’t set in this machine . No. of pots in the dye bath : 24 | 12. RAPID DYEING MACHINEFunction :1. Sample dyeing . 2. Wash-off the dyed sample. 3. Different pretreatment for dyeing. >Can pre set the dyeing time. No. of pots in the dye bath : 24 | 13. | TUMBLE DRYERModel No. : T4130Manufacturer : ElectroluxMethod used : (ISO-6330/AATCC-135)Made in : SwedenType : Front LoadingFunction :1. For drying fabrics/Garments after wash . | 14. | WASCATORModel No. : F0M71CLSManufacturer : ElectroluxMade in : SwedenMethod used : (ISO 6330-2000 ISO 3759-1999 ISO 5077-1984) (DIN EN 25077/26330-1994)Type : Front loading , Rotating drum .Function :1. For checking appearance after wash . 2. For checking dimensional stability . | 15. | WASCATORModel No. : F0M71CLSManufacturer : ElectroluxMade in : SwedenMethod used : (ISO 6330-2000 ISO 3759-1999 ISO 5077-1984) (DIN EN 25077/26330-1994)Type : Front loading , Rotating drum . Function :1. For checking appearance after wash . 2. For checking dimensional stability . | 16. | SPECTROPHOTOMETERModel No. : SF600X(Spectraflash)Manufacturer : ElectroluxMade in : USASoftware Used :1. DCI match. 2. Color toolsFunction :1. Color matching . 2.Measuring color difference . 3. Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample. 4. Measuring the strength of dyestuff. | 17. | SPECTROPHOTOMETERModel No. : CM-3600dManufacturer : MinoltaMade in : IndiaSoftware Used :1. JaypakFunction :1. Color matching . 2. Measuring color difference . 3. Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample. 4. Measuring the strength of dyestuff. | 18. | PRECISION OVENSample dryerModel No. : DO-452Manufacturer: JF Instrument Co. LtdMade in : TaiwanFunction :1. Sample drying after washing ; drying . | 19. | CROCKMETERJames H. Heal ; Co. Ltd. Halifax , HX 36EP , England. | 20. | CROCKMETER Model No. 125302Manufacturer : RoachesMade in : EnglandMethod used : (ISO–105X12 / AATCC-8)Function :1. For checking color fastness to rubbing of yarn . | 21. | Wrap Reel ; Balance(Yarn count tester)Model No. : Roaches International Ltd. Made in : EnglandFunction :1. To determine Yarn count . | 22. | Yarn Appearance Tester(Auto winder RB)Model No. : Y0831Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Function :1. Checking eveness of yarn ; grading accordingly . | 23. | Unistretch M/CModel No. : C0501Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :1. Button / Snap pull test : IHTM020/ASTM 4846. 2. Seam slippage : UNI 9743/BS 33203.Lea strength : ISO 6939/ASTM D 15784. Single yarn strength test :ASTM D2256| 24. | Mag Sun FastModel No. : C 0605Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :ISO-105B02/AATCC-3Function :1. For checking color fastness to light . | 25. | Auto Burst 28(Bursting Strength Tester)Model No. : C 0601Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :ISO-13928-2/1 2945-1ASTM D 3787 , 3786Function :1. To measure bursting strength to fabric . | 26. | Auto pill(Pilling Tester)Model No. : C 1401Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :ISO-12945-1,2Function :1. To check pilling of fabric. | 27. | pH MeterModel No. 6173Function :1. To measure pH value . | 28. | Friction TesterModel No. : TextechnoManufacturer : ReibwertwaageMade in : GermanyFunction :1. To measure co-efficient of friction . | 29. | Grey Scale ISO 105-A03 : 1993 BSEN 20105-A03 : 1995 BS 1006-A03 : 1990 SDC Standard Methods 5th Edition A03 Grey Scale (Two scale) For : >Assessing staining . >Assessing color change . | 30. | Matching BoothLIGHT BOX 9 (Supervision 2C)(Visual color matching chamber)Model No. : G0201Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Function :1. Checking color difference under different light source. Like D65 ,TL84 , UV , CWF etc. | 31. Matching BoothLIGHT BOX (Century Faith)(Visual color matching chamber)Model No. : 70080Function :1. Checking co lor difference under different light source. Like D65 ,TL84 , UV , CWF etc. | 32. | Q – SUNXenon Test ChamberLight Fastness TesterModel No. : B02| Recipe formulation Buyer can give fabric sample or colour code. So at first the colour is to identify if the buyer gives colour code or pantone number. It is easier to formulate recipe by spectrophotometer from colour code or pantone number because they are very specific. But if it is fabric sample then with the help of spectrophotometer several numbers of recipes are to formulate.Process flow chart of lab Swatch from buyer Checking the quality parameter Recipe Formulation Record Matching Visually Recipe Correction Exact matching with swatch Two or more options of Lab-dip send to buyer Approved Not Approved Go for production Matching Re-Lab-dip Chemicals used in lab For Cotton Scouring and Bleaching: YARN| Name| Amount| Function| Cottoclarin-KD| 1. 25 g/l| Soaping agent| Stabilol-ZM| 0. 4 g/l| Peroxide killer| Securon-C| 0. 75 g/l| Sequestering agent| Caustic| 2 g/l| Scouring agent| H2O2| 4. 0 g/l| Bleaching agent|Acetic acid| 1 g/l| Neutralization| Name| Amount| Function | Reduzin-ABC| 2 g/l| Wetting agent| Jinsofter-BSK| 0. 75-1. 5 g/l| Anticreasing agent| Jintexalate-SQ117| 1 g/l| Sequestering agent| Contavan-GAL| 0. 75 g/l| Stabilizer| Caustic| 2. 5 g/l| Scouring agent| H2O2| 4. 5 g/l| Bleaching agent| Fabric| For Cotton dyeing| Name| Amount| Function| Ladiquest-1097| 1 g/l| Sequestering agent| Jinsofter-BSK| 1 g/l| Anticreasing agent| Jinlev CL-225| 1. 5 g/l| Levelling agent| Formic Acid| 0. 1 g/l| Controlling pH| Glauber salt | | For Fixation| Soda| | For fixation ; contolling pH| For Washing| Name| Amount| Function|Jintexalate-QSE| 1. 5 cc| Soaping agent| Cotoblance-NSR| 1. 5 cc| Soaping agent| Acetic Acid| | Neutralization| For Polyester Dyeing| Name| Amount| Function| Dyapol-AB| 1 g/l| Acid donar| Setamol-WS| 0. 75 g/l| Dispersing agent| Jinlev-RLF| 0. 5 g/l| Levelling agent| Acetic acid| 0. 6 g/l| C ontrolling pH| Deragal-SFD| 1 g/l| Buffering + Dispersing agent| Domapol B. Conc. | 2 g/l| Buffering + Dispersing agent| For Reduction Clearing| Name| Amount| Function| Hydrose| 2 g/l| Reducing agent| Caustic| 2 g/l| Reducing agent| Salt-Soda Chart Amcazol Shade %| Up to 0. 05| 0. 05-0. 075| 0. 075-0. 10| 0. 1-0. 2| 0. 2-0. 3| 0. 3-0. | 0. 4-0. 5| 0. 5-0. 6| Salt(g/l)| 2| 3| 5| 7| 9| 12| 16| 20| Soda(g/l)| 2| 3| 4| 5| 7| 8| 9| 10| Shade %| 0. 6-0. 7| 0. 7-0. 8| 0. 8-0. 9| 0. 9-1. 0| 1. 0-1. 20| 1. 2-1. 4| 1. 4-1. 6| 1. 6-1. 8| Salt(g/l)| 22| 24| 26| 28| 32| 34| 38| 42| Soda(g/l)| 11| 12| 12| 13| 13| 14| 15| 16| Shade %| 1. 8-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 46| 50| 60| Soda(g/l)| 18| 20| 20| Bezctive Shade %| ; 0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0-4. 0| 4. 0-5. 0| Salt(g/l)| 10| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| 70| Soda(g/l)| 5| 10| 15| 20| 20| 25| 25| Shade %| 5-6| 6;| Salt(g/l)| 80| 90| Soda(g/l)| 25| 25| Remazol Shade %| ;0. 1| 0. | Up to 1. 0| Up to 2. 0%| 2-3%| 3-5%| Sal t(g/l)| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| 80| Soda(g/l)| 3| 3| 10| 13| 15| 20| Imcozine Shade %| ;0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| ;3. 0| Salt(g/l)| 30| 45| 60| 70| 90| Soda(g/l)| 8| 12| 18| 20| 25| Cibacron Shade %| ;0. 01| 0. 01-0. 05| 0. 05-0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| Salt(g/l)| 20| 20| 20| 25| 30| 50| 60| Soda(g/l)| 6| 6| 6| 8| 10| 12. 5| 15| Shade %| 3. 0-4. 0| 4. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 60| 80| Soda(g/l)| 17. 5| 20| Kimsoline Shade %| Up to 0. 05| 0. 05-1. 0| 1. 0-1. 5| 1. 5-3. 0| 3. 0-4. 0| 4-6| 6-8| Above 8| Salt(g/l)| 20| 30| 40| 50| 55| 60| 80| 100|Soda(g/l)| 10| 13| 15| 18| 20| 20| 20| 20| Synozol Shade %| Below 0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 10| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| Soda(g/l)| 8| 10| 13| 16| 18| 20| Levafix CA Shade %| ;0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0-5. 0| ;5. 0| Salt(g/l)| 15| 20| 35| 50| 60| 80| 80| Soda(g/l)| 5| 7| 10| 13| 15| 20| 20| Drimarine CL Shade %| ;0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1-1. 5| 1. 5-2| 2. 0-3| ;3| Sa lt(g/l)| 20-50| 60| 65| 70| 80| 80| Soda(g/l)| 5| 10| 15| 18| 20| 20| Drimarine EX-XN Shade %| ;1. 0| 1. 0-3. 0| 3. 0 above| Salt(g/l)| 20-40| 40-60| 60-80| Soda(g/l)| 5. -10| 10-15| 15-20| Revatol S| 1. 0-2. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| Sumifix Shade %| 0. 1| 0. 1-0. 3| 0. 3-0. 6| 0. 6-1. 0| 1. 0-1. 5| 1. 5-3. 0| 3. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 3| 7| 10| 15| 20| 40| 50| Soda(g/l)| 10| 10| 15| 15| 20| 20| 20| Dychufix Shade %| 0. 05-0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0-4. 0| 4| Salt(g/l)| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| 70| 80| Soda(g/l)| 10| 15| 20| 20| 20| 20| 20| Shade %| 3. 0-4 | 4. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 60| 80| Soda(g/l)| 17. 5| 20| Sequence of dyeing 100% cotton fabric in lab Select bleach fabric (5 gm) Recipe making Select dyes Dyeing Hot wash Neutralization Soaping Cold washDrying Match with standard sample yes Bulk production Sequence of dyeing Polyester/Cotton fabric in lab Select bleach fabric ( 5 gm ) Carbonizing of cotton part Fabric weight measure with carbonized part Recipe making Selec t dyes Dyeing of polyester part Matching dyed PES part with standard yes Dyeing of cotton part Hot wash Neutralization Soaping Cold wash Drying Total sample match with standard sample yes Bulk production Calculation: Usually following calculations are followed – Recipe % ? Sample Weight ** Dye Solution = (cc). Stock solution % g/L ? Total Liquor ** Salt (cc) Stock solution ? 1000 g/L ?Total Liquor ** Soda Solution = (cc). Stock solution ? 1000 g/L ? Total Liquor ** Chemicals = (cc). Stock solution ? 1000 Problems for lab-dip : -Shade variation ( major problem ) . -Soda or alkali spot come. -Metamerism problem . Problems overcome by : -Dye adjust between std. and lab-dip. -Accurate dyes and chemical measure. -By shading (additional way). -By stripping. Samples send to buyer: Now for every separate sample dyeing with separate recipe are send to buyer for approval. The buyer approves one sample and the recipe of that approved sample is now send to dyeing section. Batching Sectio n Batch Section Batching:Batching preparation is the process where visually inspected grey fabrics are divided into different batches with reasonable quantity in order to make them suitable for the further operation. During batching the following factors are considered: 1 1. Order priority 2 2. Yarn type 3 3. Yarn dyed/Color (Light-medium/Deep) 4 4. Fabric quantity 5 5. Capacity of available machines 6 Proper batching criteria: To use maximum capacity of existing dyeing m/c To ensure every dyeing m/c running in full production. To minimize the m/c washing time or preparation time. To keep the no of batch as less as possible for same shade, etc.Batch Preparation Process sequence of Batch preparation receive batch card from Grey In-charge Make the priority as per dyeing plan Take one specific Batch card. Check the availability of fabric Take required quantity of body fabric from store Make required no. of Rope maintaining equal length Take collar/cuff as per size, keep the total weigh t. Distribute the collar /cuff or Rib in each rope equally unsure equal length Stitch the fabric Write down the weight against roll no. in the back side of the Batch Card Write the total weight in Batch Card Put signature ; date Fill the production report formSewing:â€Å"Sewing means stitching†. The necessity of sewing: -To adjust the rolls by sewing which is adjusted with hand by knotting in turning before sewing? -They fulfill the sewing row in process Route Card and fulfill the particular sewing chart then it goes for dyeing. Turning: Normally turning is done for those fabrics which are not same in both face ; back to protect the face side of fabric from any dust, spot, other color, machine corrosion or any visual or physical disturbance. The machine by which counting of rolls ; face/back side of fabric is opened is called turner machine. Fabric Dyeing SectionLayout and evacuation plan of fabric dyeing section Fabric Dyeing Machine Specification No. of Sample Dyeing Machi ne: 10 No. of Bulk Dyeing Machine: 17 List of Sample Dyeing Machine Sl No| Machine type| Specification| 01. | Fong’s-20| M/C NO. : ALLFIT-25SER. NO. : 24009628CERT. NO. :HKG-930003/2YEAR BUILT: 1999DESIGN CODE: BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 650 KPaTEST DATE : 1999SAFETY VALVE SET : 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY, Fongs Manufacturer : Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co.Limited. Manufacturing Country : TaiwanCapacity: 20 Kg | 03. | Fong’s-30/2| M/C NO. : ALLFIT-30SER. NO. : 27013515CERT. NO. :HKG-0230011/4YEAR BUILT: 2002DESIGN CODE: BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 650 KPaTEST DATE : 2002SAFETY VALVE SET : 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY , Fongs Manufacturer : Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co. Limited. Manufacturing Country : TaiwanCapacity: 30 Kg| 04. | Fong’s-120| M/C NO. : ALLFIT-120SER. NO. : 25010850CERT. NO. HKG-030008/3 7YEAR BUILT: 2000DESIGN CODE: BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 650 KPaTEST DATE : 2000SAFETY VALVE SET : 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY , Fongs Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co. Limited. Manufacturing Country : TaiwanCapacity: 120 Kg| 06. | HAF-30| CAPACITY:30 KGSTOTAL POWER:9 KWWORKING MEDIUM : WATER 240Lit. DATE : 2005. 4MFG. NO. : 2005-HAF-30-1MODEL : TGRU-HAF-1-30BODY MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? TOTAL WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE: S/T-5/4KG/cm?MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : S/T 158 °C/140 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%Manufacturer : TONG GENG ENTERPRISE CO. LTD Manufacturing Country : TAIWAN| 07. | ATHENA-50/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : GreeceSerial No. : 03-1B-2931Year Built : 2009Design Code : ASME vii DivSpecial Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemMaximum work pressure (MPa): . 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No . : 5. 621. 937Capacity : 50 KgElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACControl Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 9 KW| 08. ATHENA-50/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : GreeceSerial No. : 03-1B-2932Year Built : 2009Design Code : ASME vii Div-1Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemMaximum work pressure (MPa): . 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5. 621. 937Capacity : 50 KgElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACControl Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 9 KW | 09. | KRSNA(10 kg)/1| COUNTRY OF ORIGIN : AHMEDABAD , INDIATEL: +91-79-22818537 TELE FAX: +91-79-22823093/27680745EMAIL: [email  protected] com/infokrsnadyeingmachine. om Website: http://www. krsnadyeingmachine. com Serial No. 12/38 Year:10/09-10 Model :ATM| 10. | KRSNA(10 kg)/2| COUNTRY OF ORIGIN : AHMEDABAD , INDIATEL: +91-79-22818537 TELE FAX: +91-79-22823093/27680745EMAIL: [email  protected] c om/infokrsnadyeingmachine. com Website: http://www. krsnadyeingmachine. com Serial No. 13/38Year :10/09-10Model: ATM| Bulk production dyeing Machine Sr. No. | Machine type| Specification| 01. | ATH-1/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-2/11Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. Maximum work pressure (bar): 2. 8Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2005Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 33Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 19KW| 02. | ATH-1/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-250Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 2. 8Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construct ion : 2004Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 42Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 24| 03. | ATH-1/3| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-2874Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa): 0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) : 42Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 24| 04. | ATH-1/4| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-2868Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year o f construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 73 AControl Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 24| 05. ATH-2/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 500 KgNo. of Nozzle : 2Serial No. : 04-2A-2870Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 2. 80Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 59 Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 35| 06. | ATH-2/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 500 KgNo. f Nozzle : 2Serial No. : 04-2A-2869Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-62 1-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 59 Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 35| 07. | ATH-3/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 04-3A-2607Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 2. Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2004Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 68Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 48| 08. | ATH-3/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 04-3A-2880Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No . 5-621-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 73Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 47| 09. | ATH-6| Brand Name : Athena2â„ ¢ by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 1500 KgNo. of Nozzle : 6Serial No. : 04-6A-2907Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (bar):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2009Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) : 134Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 88| 10. | AA-3/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 06-3A-2963Type : DSL 750 FMaximum working Temperature ( °C): 98Pmax. : 3. 55 KWVmax. : 3? 440 volt 50/60 HzPatent No. : 5-621-937Year o f construction : 2009Electronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 75Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 48| 11. | AA-3/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. f Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 06-3A-2964Type : DSL 750 FMaximum working Temperature ( °C): 98Pmax. : 3. 55 KWVmax. : 3? 440 volt 50/60 HzPatent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2009Electronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 75Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 48| 12. | S. HT-2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 360 KgNo. of Nozzle : 2Serial No. : 03-2A-2193Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):5. 3Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction : 1993Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMa x. Current (A) : 44Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 25/185| 13. | S. HT-3/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 540 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 03-3A-22/1Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):5. 3Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 1993Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) : 50Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 36/26. 25 KW| 14. | S. HT-3/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 540 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 03-3A-22/2Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):5. 3Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 1993Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine V oltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 50Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 36/26. 25 KW| 15. | S.HT-4/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 720 KgNo. of Nozzle : 4Serial No. : 03-4A-2305Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140Patent No. : 5-440-771Year of construction : 2000Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 400 ACMax. Current (A) : 64Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 39| 16. | S. HT-4/2>720| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 720 KgNo. of Nozzle : 4Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemTotal Horse Power (HP) : 40| SPECIAL FEATURES OF SCLAVOS MACHINE : Twin soft flow system: The main pump liqour flow in sclavos is distributed into two nozzles achieving minimum pressure. The technical solution results in a perfact fabric transport ; liqour penetration at a very low nozzle pressure. The patented plaiting system ensures good storage of the fabric with the uniqe liqour bypass system diverting the biggest amont of liqour out side the chamber. This avoids abrasion of fabric surface.Advantages: * Less compacting system * Extended fabric liqour exchange * Reorientation of the rope at every turn * Vertical plaiting Aquacron: Revolutionary continuous wash system, diverting contaminated liquor at the exit of TSF outside the j box to a drain pipe. A continuous flow of either preheated (via Sclavos Heat Recovery) or cold water turns Sclavos into a virtually nonstop operation dyeing machine. Drainage of contaminated liquor via the liquor bypass avoids liquor dropping on to the stored fabric. High liquor renewal speed caused by very low liquor level during washing. Advantages: 1. Efficient wa shing effect. . Less water consumption. 3. Less temperature shocks when filling with cold water. 4. Precise calculation of water consumption. FULLY AUTOMATIC FUNCTION: * Automatic salt ; soda dosing system. * Automatic chemical injection system. * Automatic heat exchanging process. Ciba new process: Bleach+Enzyme Machine filling with water at normal Temperature Fabric loaded at normal temperature (36-400C) Chemicals {Contipon S (10%solution), Jintex Stab, Antisil Conz Jinsofter BSK , Ablutex-AP-750 (42% Soln)} Dozing at 60 0C ; Run for 4 min H2O2 (35% Soln) is added at 600C within 3-4 minute NaOH is added for 7 min at 700CRun time 20 min at1100C Cooling at 95-80 0C ; then aquachron is done for 12 min Absorbency test is done. Water is leveled Acetic Acid is added at 550C runtime 6 min Per oxide Killer (Raduzin-THN (50% Soln)) is added at 55C for 10 min, Per oxide is checked (if H2O2 = O) PH is Checked (PH=4. 8) Enzyme ( Retrocell PLX-TRA) at 550C run for 45 min Aquachron is done at 5 50C for 5 min Hot wash at 80 C for 20 min Aquachron is done at 550C for 5 min Water is leveled Dyeing (ciba new process): Dyeing auxiliaries(Jinlev-CL225, Antisil conz) and acitic acid /RL)is added at 600C for 30 min PH is Checked (PH= 6-6. 5 ) Runtime 20 minDyes is dosing at 600C 20min added at run for 10 min. Glauber salt dosing at 600C for 30 min and run for 20 min Soda dosing at 600C for 20 min [1st part] Soda dosing at 600C for 20 min[2nd part] After 5 min shade is checked If shade is not â€Å"OK† then it’s checked after every 5 min until matching If shade is â€Å"OK† Liquor is drained Water filling and aquacron is done for 25 min Soaping : Acid wash is done at 600C and run for 6 min for neutralization PH is checked (acidic condition) Soaping agent (Jintexalate QSE) is added at 950C ; run for 12 min Aquachron is done at 70 C for 5 min Hot wash at 900C run for 9 minAquachron is done for 10 min Drain out Nova Ciba Fixing: Fixing agent (WER)is added for 10 m in at 400C and run for 10 min Acidic acid +Dosssing Bevsoft-CF +Jinsofter –WCS is added for 10 min at 400C ; run for 20 min Unload Finishing Section Lay-out of the Finishing section DEWATERING ; SLITTING M/C Production Officers Room FINISHED Goods STENTER MACHINE – 02 STENTER MACHINE – 03 STENTER MACHINE -01 OFFLINE QUALITY CONTROL ROOM COMPACTORM/C- 03 LAFER COMPACTOR M/C-01 DEWATERING-2 DEWATERING-1 DRYER MACHINE FINISHED Goods FINISHED Goods COMPACTOR M/C C- 02 CALANDER M/C RAISING M/C SLITTING M/CSUEDING M/C Online QC Officers Table Finishing: After dyeing knit fabric is required to finish. During dyeing all knit fabric are dyed in tubular form. According to buyer’s requirement knit fabric are finished in open form or tubular form. Dyed Fabric from Dyeing Department Shade check Flow chart of finishing process Dewatering Open width Tubular form Dewatering Drying Slitting Calendering ; compactor Stentering/Dryer Final Inspection Open compactor Packing F inal Inspection Delivery Packing Delivery Machines of Finishing section M/C No. M/C Name| M/C specification| 01. | Hydro-1Dewatering M/C -1| SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType: SANTASTRETCH 140Com. Nr. : 3887Electr. diagr. Nr. : 95-3887Electr. Voltage: 3? 380V+N+E 230V 50 HzConnected Load: 8KWYear of Construction: 1995Made in Switzerland| 02. | Hydro-1Dewatering M/C -1| SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType: Santastretch PlusCom. Nr. : 5872Electr. diagr. Nr. : 03-5872Electr. Voltage: 3? 400+PEN 230V 50 HzConnected Load: 20 KWYear of Construction: 2003 Made in Switzerland| 03. | Slitting| bianco ® S. P. AMACCHINE TESSILIVial Industria, 4 -12051ALBA CN ITALIATel. 173/440402-(5 line r. a. )Fax:0173/34872-0173/297000-Telex-212357 BIANCOMACHINE: Linea TaglierinaSERIAL NO. : 960112CONSTRUCTION YEAR : 1996VELOCITA’MAX(m/min. ) : | 04. | Dewatering+Slitting| bianco ® S. P. AMACCHINE TESSILIVial Industria, 4 -12051ALBA CN ITAL IATel. 0173314111Fax : 01734872 Email : bianco-spa. comMACHINE: Linea TaglierinaSERIAL NO. : M04639-022215CONSTRUCTION YEAR : 2006VELOCITA’MAX(m/min. ) : 900| 05. | Dryer| LK ; LH CO. , LTD. TAIWAN TAIFEI| 06. | Calendering ; Compacting| SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType: SANTASPREAD 140Com. Nr. : 3889Electr. diagr. Nr. 95-3889Electr. Voltage: 3? 380V+N+E 230V 50 HzConnected Load: 8KWYear of Construction: 1995 Made in Switzerland| 07. | Stentering m/c1| LK ; LH CO. , LTD. | 08. | Stentering m/c-2| ICOMATEXTERRASS(SPAIN)TIPO DE MAQUINA : FL-3No. DE FABRICATION: 481ANO DE FABRICATION: 2005| 09. | Stentering m/c-3| ICOMATEXTERRASS(SPAIN)| 10. | Compacting m/c-1| FERRAROCONSTRUZIONI MECCANVia Busto Arsuzu,12021015 Lonate FozzoloITALYCOMPTEX7RA-2600 3957Year of Construction: 1998| 11. | Compacting m/c-2| TUBETEXC 2500 compactor| 12. | Compacting m/c-3| LaferSPA MACCHINE TESSILISEDE LEGALE,UFFICI E STABILIMENTO Via Laga di Garda no. 8 Z. I 36015-SCHIO (VI) ITALYMACCHINA : KSA 500ALTEZZA TAVOLA : 2600MATRICOLA : 10KS02767ANNO : 2009| 13. | Sueding m/c| LaferULTRASOFT-YTexen s. r. l. factory automationVia lago di vico , 4B 36015 schio (VI) Italytel : +39. 0445. 694101 fax. : 39. 0045. 694120www. laferspa. com/[email  protected] comSERIAL NO. /DRAWING NO. : N ° 10GSY2355PHASES NO. : N ° 3VOLTAGE : v 400FREQUENCY : Hz 50NOMINAL CURRENT : A 100INTERRUPTION CAPABILITY : KA 25| 14. | Raising m/c| Mario CostaM/C Type : MC-20/24Serial No. : 8969Power Supply : 3? 400 V 50/60HzYear : 2007 Month : 11Max. Power : 69 KWTensione asiliari : 24/5 VDCAux.Power Supply : 230/24 KWMade in Italy | Factor Consideration: Shrinkage control: -Shrinkage is controlled by proper over feeding. -To apply less or more over feed speed fabrics reduce along to length and increase along to width. Maximum 70 – 75% shrinkage is controlled by using it. GSM Control: -GSM is also controlled by applying proper over feeding speed. -If over feed is more than G SM is also more. -If Over feed speed is less then GSM is also is less. -If Dia is more than GSM of the fabric will less. -If Dia is less than the GSM of the fabric will more. N. B: If GSM of the fabric is OK then shrinkage is also OK.Dia Control: -Dia is controlled by dia controlling meter scale. -If any fault, GSM of the fabric is reduced then to increase the GSM of the fabric dia will have to be reduced (2 – 3) inch. -If Over feed speed is more than Dia of the fabric will be more. -If Over feed speed is less then Dia of the fabric will be less. -If length is more than width of the fabric is reduced. -If length is less then width of the fabric is more. N. B: Fabric speed is controlled on the fabric dia. Here, Dia less or More fully depends on yarn count and buyer order. Dia is done less or more by using expander rod.Finishing section is divided into two section, they are: -Open line -Tube line Production parameters: 1 1. Squeeze pressure 2 2. Fabric speed 3 3. Fabric tension 4 4. Temperature 5 5. Fabric diameter 6 6. Fabric GSM 7 7. Fabric shrinkage 8 8. Air pressure 9 9. Steam pressure 10 10. Softener Types of finishing: 1) Chemical finishing: * Chemical reaction of auxiliaries with fibers. * Application of the handle modifying products / additives. 2) Mechanical finishing: * Mechanical treatment with machines. The machines that are used in open line that are given bellow: 1. Slitting m/c 2. De-watering m/c 3. Stenter 5. CompactorThe machines that are used in tube line that are given bellow: 1. De-watering m/c 2. Dryer 3. Calendering ; Stentering Other machines: 2. Sueding m/c 3. Raising m/c Dewatering m/c: 01 After finishing the dyeing process from the dyeing machine then the fabrics are ready for de-watering. This is the process to remove the water from the fabric completely by squeezing. This is the main function of the de-watering machine. But here also control the some important factor of the fabric quality Function: 1. Reduce water content. 2. A pply chemicals specially to make the fabric soft. 3. Open the fabric from the rope form. . Shrinkage is controlled by overfeed mechanism Slitting m/c: 01 M/c name: bianco ® S. P. A Serial Nr. : 960112 Construction year: 1996 Highest Speed: 100M/min Running speed: 60-70 M/min Normal speed: 40-50 M/min N. B. : * Photocell detects Needle Mark ; according to the needle mark tube fabric is cut by the plate. * Fabric Diameter is set by Basket. * Fabric is spreaded by the basket. Purpose of the m/c: * To open the fabric from tubular form to open width form * Fabric is cut according to the needle mark. Dryer m/c: Drying: Drying is defined as a process where the liquid portion is evaporated from the fabric.Curing: Curing can be defined as a process following addition of a finish to textile fabrics in which materials are heated for a short time in elevated temperature to effect a chemical reaction Functions: 1. To dry the fabric with the help of steam 2. To control the shrinkage 3. To prepa re the fabric for next subsequent process 4. To dry fabric without tension Figure: Dryer Main parts of the machine: 1. Heating chamber 2. Blower 3. Synthetic blanket as a conveyor 4. Folder 5. Exhaust fan Heating system: * Gas fired Checking parameters: * Shade Check * Width check * Weight check * Compaction check Fault check : Operator checks – * Knitting faults * Spinning faults * Dyeing faults * Other faults * Edge check Yarn Dyeing Section Yarn dyeing machines and their specification SL No. | Machine Type| Spindle No. ;Bobbin no. | M/C Specification| 01. | Lab m/c (AL-6A)| Spindle No. : 016 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(1*6) =6| HEAT EXCHANGERSER NO. : 2901587-1CER. NO. : HKG. 043003/92DESIGN CODE: PD55002003CAT2YEAR BUILT: 2004CAPACITY: 6 KG JACKET SHELLDESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPa 520 KPaDESIGN TEMP. : 50 °C 140 °CHAYDRAULIC PR . 600 KPa 800 KPa TEST DATE : 2004 2004SAFETY VALVE SET: 400KPa 520kpaHEATING/COOLING MEDIUM: WATERTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTERFONGS NATIONAL ENG. (SHENZEN) CO. LTD| 02. | Lab m/c (AL-6B)| Spindle No. :016 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(1*6) =6| HEAT EXCHANGERSER NO. : 2901587-1CER. NO. : HKG. 043003/92DESIGN CODE: PD55002003CAT2YEAR BUILT: 2004CAPACITY: 6 KG JACKET SHELLDESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPa 520KPaDESIGN TEMP. : 50 °C 140 °CHAYDRAULIC PR . 600 KPa 800 KPa TEST DATE : 2004 2004SAFETY VALVE SET: 400KPa 520kpaHEATING/COOLING MEDIUM: WATERTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTERFONGS NATIONAL ENG. (SHENZEN) CO. LTD| 03. | CH-10/1| Spindle No. :033 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(3*3) =9 | CAPACITY: 10 KGTOTAL POWER: 6 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER): 80 Lit. DATE : 2006. 11MFG. NO. : 2006-CH-10-3MODEL : TGCH-10BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE: S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :S/T140 °C/183 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTDTAIWAN| 04. | CH-10/2| Spindle No. :033 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(3*3) =9| CAPACITY:10 KGTOTAL POWER: 6 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER): 80 Lit. DATE : 2006. 11MFG. NO. : 2006-CH-10-3MODEL : TGCH-10BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE: S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :S/T140 °C/183 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 05. | CH-15/1| Spindle No. :044 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(4*4) =16| CAPACITY:15 KGM/C NO. : CAS-50L-4SER. NO. : 24009627CERT. NO. YKG 930003/4YEAR BUILT: 1999DESIGN CODE: BS55001997CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 660 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 1020 KPaTEST DATE : 1999SAFETY VALVE SET : 660 KPaTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTER Fongs| 06. | CH-15/2| Spindle No. :035 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*3) =15| CAPACITY:15 KGSTOTAL POWER:7 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):120Lit. DATE : 2005. 4MFG. NO. : 2005-CH-15-2MODEL : TGCH-15BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE: S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :S/T140 °C/183 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTD TAIWAN| 08 . | CH-30/1| Spindle No. :057 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*7) =35| CAPACITY:30 KGSTOTAL POWER:9 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):240Lit. DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-30-1MODEL : TGCH-30BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 09. | CH-30/2| Spindle No. :057 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*7) =35| CAPACITY: 30 KGSTOTAL POWER: 9 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):240Lit.DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-30-1MODEL : TGCH-30BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 10. | CH-50/1| Spindle No. :087 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(8*7) =56| CAPACITY: 50 KGSTOTAL POWER: 12 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):400Lit. DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-50-2MODEL : TGCH-50BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8KG/cm?MAXIMUM WORKINGTEMP. : 140 °C TON G WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 11. | CH-50/2| Spindle No. :087 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(8*7) =56| CAPACITY: 50 KGSTOTAL POWER: 12 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):400Lit. DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-50-2MODEL : TGCH-50BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 12. | CH-100/1| Spindle No. 167 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(16*7) =112| CAPACITY: 100 KGSTOTAL POWER: 21 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):800Lit. DATE : 1995-6MFG. NO. : 951-CH-100MODEL : TGCH-100BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 13. | CH-100/2| Spindle No. :167 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(16*7) =112| CAPACITY:100 KGSTOTAL POWER:21 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):800Lit. DATE :1995-6MFG. NO. : 951-CH-100MODEL : TGCH-100BODY OPER.PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TE ST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 14. | CH-200/1| Spindle No. :327 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(32*7) =224| CAPACITY: 200 KGSTOTAL POWER: 32 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):2000Lit. DATE :1993. 3MFG. NO. : 921-CH-200-10MODEL : TGCH-200KGBODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTD TAIWAN | 15. | CH-200/2| Spindle No. :327 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(32*7) =224| CAPACITY: 200 KGSTOTAL POWER: 32 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):2000Lit. DATE :1993. 3MFG. NO. : 921-CH-200-10MODEL : TGCH-200KGBODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECIS